Anatomical structures Flashcards
VPM
ventral posteromedial (thalamus)
VPL
ventral posterolateral (thamalus)
PVG
periventricular grey matter
PAG
periaqueductal grey matter
What structure connects the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus?
Probst comissure
What is the purpose of the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus?
What structure connects the inferior colliculi?
the inferior collicular commissure
What function has the inferior colliculi?
The efferent transmission from striatum is limited to 2 targets. Which?
Substantia nigra
Globus Pallidus
What is the function of substantia nigra?
what is the function of globus pallidus?
what is the function of striatum?
What three cranial nerves are connected to nucleus ambiguus?
IX, X and XI.
How is cranial nerve (what afferents and efferents) IX connected to nucleus ambiguus?
special visceral efferents to styleopharyngeus and pharyngeal constrictor.
Visceral afferents from the middle ear, tongue, pharynx and the carotid sinus.
What is a visceral afferent?
How is CNX connected to nucleus ambiguus?
by special visceral efferents to larynx and pharynx
How is CNXI connected to nucleus ambiguus?
By special efferent visceral fibres to the laryngeal muscles.
where is the parietal lobe situated?
- behind the central sulcus
- above the Sylvian fissure
- merging posteriorly to the occipital lobe -
- The medial border is defined by a line from the parietooccipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch
The parietooccipital sulcus
The pre-occipital notch
Another name for the central sulcus
Rolandic fissure
where is the primary motor cortex situated?
Its the precentral gyrus.
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex situated?
postcentral gyri
Where is the primary auditory area situated
transverse gyri of Heschl
Where is the supplemental motor area situated?
immediately anterior of the motor strip.
What is pars marginalis?
The sulcus terminating gyrus singuli posteriorly. Its the most prominent groove on axial images just posterior to the widest biparietal diameter, straddling the midline and extending a greater distance into the hemispheres. (medial surface of the brain)
What is the AC-PC line?
AC= anterior commissure. PC= posterior comissure.
The line connects the two in a sagittal plane where PC level the pineal gland
What bony structure lies just in front of the sigmoid sinus?
The most anterior mastoid point.
What is tenia fornicus?
The attachement of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle to the fornix
Name the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei
- Dentate
- the interposed nuclei (globose and emboliform)
- Fastigial
To what part of Thalamus is the thalamoperforating artery projecting?
To the lateral group - The VA nucleus, ventral anterior = the rostral part of Thalamus.
To what part of the brain is the VA nucleus projecting?
To the frontal lobe
What vessel supplies the:
* pyramids
* tuber
* flocculus
* caudal part of pontine tegmentum
?
AICA OR PICA
Where are the fascicles of the oculomotor nerve?
They originate from the entire rostral-caudal extent of the ?nucleus? and pass ventrally through the medial longitudinal fasciculus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, and medial part of the cerebral peduncle.
Where is the red nucleus located?
In tegmentum, Just medial to substantia nigra, anterior to the oculomotor and edinger westphal nuclei and the aqueduct.
Is the pyramidal tract localised ventral or dorsal in in the spinal cord?
Dorsolateral
Is the pyramidal tract localised ventral or dorsal in in the inferior medulla oblongata, inferior to the decussation?
Its dorsal (dorsolateral)
Is the pyramidal tract localised ventral or dorsal in in the superior medulla oblongata, superior to the decussation?
Ventral
The pyramidal tract is localised similar in mecencephalon, pons and superior medulla oblongata. How?
Its ventral.
Where is the pyramidal tract located in the internal capsule?
In the posterial limb of the internal capsule.
What is Arnolds nerve?
The auricular branch of the vagus nerve; sensory innervation to ear canal, tragus and auricle.
Name ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system?
Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system including the paravertebral and the prevertebral ganglia. Among these are the sympathetic chain ganglia, the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia, and the aorticorenal, celiac, and stellate ganglia.
what is brachium conjunctivum?
It is the superior cerebellar peduncle
What is downgaze palsy?
Inability to direct eyes downwards - sunrise setting.
What is upgaze palsy?
Sunset sign.
LOC
(transient) loss of consiousness
Where is hippocampus situated?
In the mesial temporal horn.
What are the two parts of hippocampus?
*Ammons horn - hippocampus proper
* dentate gyrus
What three extremely important features are kept in the dorsal hippocampus?
- spatial memory
- verbal memory
- learning conceptual information
