PNS - Revision

Question 1

What is a collection of cell bodies called when in the PNS?

Answer 1

Ganglion

Question 2

What is a multipolar neurone and where can it be found?

Answer 2

2 or more dendrites
ALL motor neurones of skeletal muscles and ANS
Cell body in CNS

Question 3

What is a unipolar neurone and where can it be found?

Answer 3

Double process
Sensory
Cell body in PNS

Question 4

What is a nerve?

Answer 4

A collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

Question 5

How many spinal nerves are there and how are they arranged?

Answer 5

31: 
8 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 6

Where are spinal nerves found?

Answer 6

In the intervertebral foramina

Question 7

What will the posterior rami supply?

Answer 7

Posterior body wall

Question 8

What will the anterior rami supply?

Answer 8

Anterolateral body wall

Question 9

Where will ALL sensory axons pass from?

Answer 9

Spinal nerve into the posterior root then into the posterior rootlets then into the posterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 10

Where will ALL motor axons pass from?

Answer 10

Anterior horn
Anterior rootlets
Anterior root
Spinal nerve

Question 11

What will each spinal nerve pain suppy a body segment with?

Answer 11

General sensory supply to all structures
Somatic motor supply to all skeletal muscle
Sympathetic nerve supply to skin and smooth muscle arterioles

Question 12

What is a dermatome?

Answer 12

An area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 13

What is a myotome?

Answer 13

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

Question 14

What are common landmark dermatomes?

Answer 14

Nipple; T4 
Umbilicus; T10 
Thumb; C6
Post scalp, neck and shoulder; C2-4
Upper limb; C5-T1
Lower limb, gluteal and perineum; L2-Co1

Question 15

What is shingles?

Answer 15

Viral disease of the spinal ganglia causing a classic, dermatomally distributed vesicular rash

Question 16

What is a nerve plexus?

Answer 16

Intermingled anterior rami from a number of adjacent spinal nerves

Question 17

What spinal nerves are involved in the cervical plexus?

Answer 17

C1-4

Question 18

What spinal nerves are involved in the brachial plexus?

Answer 18

C5-T1

Question 19

What spinal nerves are involved in the lumbar plexus?

Answer 19

L1-L4

Question 20

What spinal nerves are involved in the sacral plexus?

Answer 20

L5-S4

Question 21

Where does sympathetic outflow originate from?

Answer 21

T1-L2 lateral horns

Question 22

What are the different routes for a sympathetic nerve?

Answer 22

Ascend down symp trunk then synapse
Synapse at level of entry
Descend down symp trunk then synapse
Pass through symp trunk without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 23

Describe symp outflow to the heart

Answer 23

Presynaptic axons synapse in T1 or cervical paravertebral ganglia
Post synaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to the SA and AV nodes in myocardium

Question 24

Describe symp outflow to lungs

Answer 24

Presynaptic axons synapse in upper thoracic paravertebral ganglia
Postsynaptic axons pass in cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves to bronchiolar smooth muscle and mucionus glands

Question 25

Describe symp outflow to adrenal medulla

Answer 25

Presynaptic axons pass through aoritocrenal ganglion to synapse directly into adrenal medulla

Question 26

Where will parasymp outflow originate from?

Answer 26

CN 3,7,9,10

Sacral spinal nerves

Question 27

How will parasymp outflow travel around the body?

Answer 27

Ciliary ganglion 
Pterygopalatine ganglion 
Otic ganglion 
Submandibular ganglion 
Vagus nerve