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Neurology > Overview of nervous system > Flashcards

Overview of nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus

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2
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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3
Q

What is a neurone?

A

The “communicators” of the nervous system. They receive information via synapses, integrate the information and then transmit information via electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell

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4
Q

What is the structure of the majority of neurones?

A

Multipolar with many dendrites and one axon

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5
Q

What type of neurone does sensory innervation use?

A

Pseudounipolar neurone

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6
Q

What are the different types of glial cells in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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7
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

Support
Maintaining BBB
Environmental homeostasis

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8
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin in the CNS

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9
Q

What is the function of microglial cells?

A

Similar lineage to macrophages; hematopoietic origin

Immune monitoring and antigen presentation

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10
Q

What is the function of ependymal cells?

A

Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells that line the ventricles

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11
Q

What fissure separates the 2 hemispheres?

A

Great longitudinal fissure

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12
Q

What makes up white matter?

A

Axons - mostly myelinated and their support cells

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13
Q

What does a myelin sheath allow electrical impulses in axons do?

A

Jump over the node of ranvier resulting in a much quicker conduction than unmyelinated cells

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14
Q

What is an example of a demyelinating disease?

A

MS

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15
Q

What makes up grey matter?

A

Neural cell bodies - soma
Cell processes
Synapses
Support cells

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16
Q

What is the precentral gyrus?

A

In Front of the central sulcus

Location of primary motor cortex

17
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus?

A

Behind the central gyrus

Location of primary somatosensory cortex

18
Q

What does the calcarine sulcus demarcate?

A

The visual cortex

19
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Connection of white matter between left and right hemispheres

20
Q

Describe the position of the frontal lobe

A

Ant to the central sulcus

Superior to the lateral sulcus

21
Q

Describe the position of the parietal lobe

A

Posterior to the central sulcus
Superior to the lateral sulcus
Anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch

22
Q

Describe the position of the occipital lobe

A

Posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch

23
Q

Describe the position of the temporal lobe

A

Inferior to the lateral sulcus

Posteriorly by a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch

24
Q

What role does the insular lobe have?

A

Pain perception

25
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

26
Q

What is contained within the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

27
Q

Where are neurones of the enteric nervous system found?

A

Myenteric plexus between outer layers of smooth muscle

Submucosal plexus in submucosa

Neurology (48 decks)

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