Overview of nervous system Flashcards
What is the diencephalon?
The thalamus and hypothalamus
What makes up the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What is a neurone?
The “communicators” of the nervous system. They receive information via synapses, integrate the information and then transmit information via electrical impulses to another neuron or effector cell
What is the structure of the majority of neurones?
Multipolar with many dendrites and one axon
What type of neurone does sensory innervation use?
Pseudounipolar neurone
What are the different types of glial cells in the CNS?
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
What is the function of astrocytes?
Support
Maintaining BBB
Environmental homeostasis
What is the function of oligodendrocytes?
Produce myelin in the CNS
What is the function of microglial cells?
Similar lineage to macrophages; hematopoietic origin
Immune monitoring and antigen presentation
What is the function of ependymal cells?
Ciliated cuboidal/columnar epithelial cells that line the ventricles
What fissure separates the 2 hemispheres?
Great longitudinal fissure
What makes up white matter?
Axons - mostly myelinated and their support cells
What does a myelin sheath allow electrical impulses in axons do?
Jump over the node of ranvier resulting in a much quicker conduction than unmyelinated cells
What is an example of a demyelinating disease?
MS
What makes up grey matter?
Neural cell bodies - soma
Cell processes
Synapses
Support cells
What is the precentral gyrus?
In Front of the central sulcus
Location of primary motor cortex
What is the postcentral gyrus?
Behind the central gyrus
Location of primary somatosensory cortex
What does the calcarine sulcus demarcate?
The visual cortex
What is the corpus callosum?
Connection of white matter between left and right hemispheres
Describe the position of the frontal lobe
Ant to the central sulcus
Superior to the lateral sulcus
Describe the position of the parietal lobe
Posterior to the central sulcus
Superior to the lateral sulcus
Anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch
Describe the position of the occipital lobe
Posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch
Describe the position of the temporal lobe
Inferior to the lateral sulcus
Posteriorly by a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch
What role does the insular lobe have?
Pain perception
What are the 3 layers of meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
What is contained within the subarachnoid space?
CSF
Where are neurones of the enteric nervous system found?
Myenteric plexus between outer layers of smooth muscle
Submucosal plexus in submucosa
