Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What will the motor components of cranial nerves be associated with?
Motor nuclei, groups of efferent nerve cells that send their axons into the cranial nerve
What will the sensory components of cranial nerves be associated with?
Sensory nuclei, groups of nerve cells upon which the sensory neurones of the cranial nerves synapse. The soma of the sensory nerve cells will be found in ganglia outside the CNS
Does CN1 synapse in the thalamus before reaching the cortex?
No
Where are the neurones of CN1 found?
In the cribriform plate
Which cranial nerves have motor fibres?
CN 3,4,6,9,10
Where are the superior and inferior collucli found and what are they associated with?
Midbrain
Superior colliculus = visual
Inferior colliculus = auditory
What is the edinger westphal nucleus?
P.symop oculomotor nucleus for sphincter pupillae and accommodation to near vision via ciliary muscle
What will run through the oculomotor nucleus?
Neurons to supply LPS, SR, MR, IR and IO
What runs through the trochlear nucleus?
Nerve fibres that supply SO muscle
What runs through the abducens nucleus?
Nerve fibres to supply lateral rectus
Where will the hypoglossal nerve come out of the brainstem?
Between the pyramids and the olives
What does the hypoglossal nerve supply?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Intrinsic tongue muscles
Are motor nuclei situated close to or away from the midline?
Close to
Where does the spinal accessory nerve originate?
Cervical spinal cord
What will the spinal accessory nerve supply?
Trapezius
Stenocleidomastoid
What are the functions of the trigeminal nerve?
Somatosensation of face: touch, vibration, pain, temp
Proprioception with chewing; muscles of mastication, teeth
Motor control: muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, ant. belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini
What will the sensory nucleus of the trigeminal form?
A long column that stretches from the upper midbrain to the upper 2 segments of the cervical spinal cord
What are the 3 parts to the trigeminal sensory nucleus?
Mesencephalic
Pontine
Spinal
What is the function of the mesencephalic nucleus?
Proprioception info from chewing muscles
What is the function of the pontine trigeminal nucleus?
Touch
Vibration
What is the function of the spinal nucleus?
Pain
Temperature
V similar to the spinothalamic tract
What occurs with fibres in the ventral trigeminothalamic tract?
Most fibres cross the midline but some don’t and therefore bilateral representation of touch, vibration in cortex
What are the functions of the facial nerve?
Motor: muscles of facial expression, stapedius
P.symp innervation to pterygopalatine and submandib ganglia
Taste to ant. 1/3rd of tongue via chorda tympani
What are the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Tactile sense, pain and temp from posterior tongue, eustachian tube and upper pharynx
Taste of posterior 1/3rd of tongue
P.symp to otic ganglion (parotid gland)
Motor to stylopharyngeus
What are the functions of the vagus nerve?
Tactile sense, pain and temp from pharynx, larynx, trachea, oesophagus, and thoracic and abdo viscera
Taste in epiglottis
P.symp to ganglia serving thoracic and abdominal viscera
Motor to striated muscle of pharynx and larynx
With what nucleus are the muscles of facial expression controlled?
Facial motor nucleus in the lower pons (caudal)
With what nucleus are the submandibular, pterygopalatine and otic ganglion serving the salivary glands controlled?
Salivatory nucleus
With what nucleus is taste controlled?
Solitary nucleus
What ganglion will cell that carry taste sensation into the CNS synapse?
Geniculate ganglion
With what nucleus will somatosensation associated with the ear pass through?
Spinal trigeminal
With what nucleus will all musculature that is derived from the pharyngeal arches pass through?
Nucleus ambiguus
With what nucleus will the p.symp action of the vagus nerve pass through?
Dorsal nucleus of vagus
With that nucleus will pain from the dura detected by the vagus nerve pass through?
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
What will the solitary nucleus do?
Gustatory nucleus for taste
Commissural nucleus for carotid sinus (CN9) and aortic arch (CN10)
Which cranial nerves use the solitary nucleus?
CN 7,9,10
Which cranial nerves use the salivatory nuclei?
CN7,9
Which cranial nerves use the nucleus ambiguus?
CN9,10
What provides the motor input to cranial nerves?
Corticobulbar tract
What provides the input to the CN’s containing p.symp efferents (CN3,7,9,10)?
Hypothalamus whose efferents reach the preganglionic autonomic nervous system both directly and via synapses in the reticular formation
