Anatomy of space occupying lesions

Question 1

What are the 5 layers to the scalp?

Answer 1

SCALP: 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

Question 2

What is the pterion?

Answer 2

H shaped suture: 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal 
Sphenoid

Question 3

Where does the middle meningeal artery run?

Answer 3

Over the pterion to supply the skull bone

Question 4

What runs in the foramen spinosum?

Answer 4

Middle meningeal artery

Question 5

What runs in the jugular foramen (vascular)?

Answer 5

Internal jugular vein

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of meninges?

Answer 6

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 7

Describe the dura mater

Answer 7

Tought/fibrous
Sensory nerve supply from CN 5
Encloses dural venous sinuses between the periosteal and meningeal layer

Question 8

Describe the arachnoid mater

Answer 8

Arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF

Question 9

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 9

Sheet of dura mater that “tents” over the cerebellum

Attaches to the petrous temporal bone

Question 10

What is the diaphragm sellae?

Answer 10

Tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

Question 11

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 11

Midline structure
Made of dura mater
Attaches to the crista galli anteriorly and the internal occipital protuberance posteriorly

Question 12

What drains the brain directly?

Answer 12

Cerebral vein

Question 13

Where will the cerebral veins drain into?

Answer 13

Dural venous sinuses

Question 14

Where can you find the superior sagittal sinus?

Answer 14

Running along top of brain along sagittal sinus

Question 15

What will the sigmoid sinus become?

Answer 15

Internal jugular vein as it passes through the jugular foramen

Question 16

Where is the confluence of sinuses?

Answer 16

Midline at the internal occipital protuberance

Question 17

What will the vertebral arteries become?

Answer 17

Basilar artery

Question 18

What will the vertebral arteries pass through in the cervical foramen?

Answer 18

Transverse foraminae

Question 19

What will the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 19

Medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere

Question 20

What will the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 20

Posterior aspect of cerebral hemispheres including the visual cortex

Question 21

Where is the circle of willis suspended?

Answer 21

Subarachnoid space - bathed in CSF

Question 22

What part of the ventricles produces CSF?

Answer 22

Choroid plexus

Question 23

Where does the subarachnoid space end?

Answer 23

S2

Question 24

What is the name of the connection between the lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 24

Foraminae of monroe

Question 25

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 25

Excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption leading to an increased CSF olume

Question 26

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 26

Bleeding between bone and dura
Ruptured middle meningeal artery
Trauma to pterion

Question 27

What is a subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 27

Separates dura from arachnoid
Torn cerebral vein
Falls in elderly

Question 28

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 28

Bleeding into CSF
Ruptured berry aneurysm
Congenital aneurysm

Question 29

What are the different types of supratentorial herniation?

Answer 29

Cingulate
Central
Uncal
Transcalavarial

Question 30

What is an uncal herniation?

Answer 30

Uncus (medial part) of temporal lobe herniates inferior to the tentorium cerebelli

Question 31

What is a common sign of an uncal herniation?

Answer 31

Blown pupil

Question 32

What are the different types of infratentorial herniation?

Answer 32

Upward

Tonsillar

Question 33

What is a tonsillar herniation?

Answer 33

Cerebellar tonsils herniate into the foramen magnum