Pneumonia Oct20 M2,3 Flashcards
pneumonia: how can surpass host defenses (3)
defect in host defense, highly virulent, overwhelming bacteria
3 types of pneumonia
bacteria, viruses, fungus
3 categories of bacterial pneumonias
typical, atypical and selected populations
typical bacterial pneumonia principal organism
streptococcus pneumoniae
atypical bacterial pneumonia principal organism
mycoplasma pneumoniae
selected populations bacterial pneumonia principal organisms (2)
staphylococcus aureus
pseudomonas aeruginosa
most common cause of pneumonia
streptococcus pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae description + what kind of infection
gram positive diplococcus, lobar pneumonia, inflammatory edema fills alveolar airspace and spreads through pores of Kohn
streptococcus pneumoniae on CXR
air bronchograms, whole lobe affected. (consolidation)
mycoplasma pneumoniae affects who mostly
healthy young adults
mycoplasma pneumoniae why atypical
bc can be counfounded with virus bc of the symptoms (headache, sore throat, aches, pains
mycoplasma pneumoniae intensity
mild
mycoplasma pneumoniae CXR and CT
interstitial pattern. ground glass opacities and nodules on CT
staphylococcus aureus gram, acquired where
gram positive, hospital acquired
streptococcus pneumonia acquired where
community
staphylococcus aureus susceptible hosts
post-influenza, children, elderly
staphylococcus aureus type of lung infection + give pathology
bronchopneumonia. airways involved, rapid spread, necrosis, cavitation, tissue destruction, empyeme, abcess
staphylococcus aureus on CXR
bronchopneumonia, no air bronchograms, atelectasis, pleural effusion
staphylococcus aureus CT
patchy
pseudomonas aeruginosa gram and acquired where
hospital acquired, gram negative
pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible hosts
underlying disease
virus pneumonia main organisms
infuenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus
influenza pneumonia susceptible hosts
elderly, nursing home, children
influenza pneumonia risk it has
bacterial superinfection (ex. S.aureus after the infection)
influenza pneumonia: what pattern of infection
interstitial
aspiration pneumonia what type of organism
virus
aspiration pneumonia: who at risk + characteristics
elderly, poor mental status. gram negative anaerobes
what to look at in diagnosis of pneumonia
make sure have pneumonia, risk factors, cause of pneumonia
what to look at in assessment of pneumonia
how sick they are, complications
how to manage pneumonia
need to be admitted?
treatment?
complications need treatment?
symptoms of pneumonia
cough, fever, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, atypical symptoms
physical signs of pneumonia
tachypnea, hypoxemia, cyanosis, accessory resp muscles
CXR use in pneumonia
find type of infection (ID organism) + severity
what organisms cause interstitial pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza
what organisms cause lobar pneumonia
streptococcus pneumonia
what organisms cause bronchopneumonia
staphylococcus aureus
criteria to make us thing it’s pneumonia rather than bronchitis
short lived, viral symptoms (sneezing, sore throat), fever
risk factors for pneumonia
age, viral infections, comorbidities, abnormal host defense (cilia)
community acquired pneumonias and age groups affected
- respiratory viruses (children and young adults)
- atypicals (mycoplasma) (young adults)
- strept. (elderly)
nocosomial pneumonias
- strept.
- influenza
- staph and pseudomonas
pleural fluid analysis helps find what
inflammation if find pus, pH for complicated or not
antibiotic treatment of pneumonia principle
try to target for the microorganism involved
gram - organisms found where
in hospital so can figure that if hospital acquired (s.aureus (is positive …), pseudomonas)
important in management of pneumonia
prompt treatment and follow up for treatment response is very important
