Pharmacology ANS II Oct2 M3

Question 1

partial vs full agonist

Answer 1

lower efficacy but same potency

Question 2

partial agonist use

Answer 2

acts as antagonist when taken with a full agonist

Question 3

prazosin: what it is

Answer 3

antihypertensive drug. alpha 1 antagonist (reduce PVR)

Question 4

clonidine: what it is

Answer 4

antihypertensive drug. alpha 2 agonist (on dendrites and nerve terminals of adrenergic neurons - NE)

Question 5

clonidine two effects on adrenergic neurons exactly

Answer 5

reduce firing rate (at dendrite)

reduce NE release (at terminal)

Question 6

ANS drug used in pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor) treatment and how

Answer 6

tumour secretes E and NE a lot, especially if squeezed so before surgery, give prozasin to drop BP

Question 7

why prazosin is not the best drug to help during pheochromocytoma surgery + counterpart

Answer 7

binds reversibly (competitive reversible)
phenoxybenzamine is irreversible (binds covalently)

Question 8

prazosin vs phenoxybenzamine effect on response curve

Answer 8

prazosin reduces potency (higher dose needed for same effect

phenoxybenzamine reduces efficacy

Question 9

ANS receptors in CVS

Answer 9

M2 and beta 1 in heart. alpha 1 in skin and viscera. beta 2 in skeletal muscle

Question 10

ANS receptors in airways

Answer 10

beta2 and M3

Question 11

where PSS innervation of lungs comes from

Answer 11

vagus nerve

Question 12

vagus ACh effect on bronchi (2)

Answer 12

bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

Question 13

ex of drug for asthma and what type

Answer 13

albuterol, SABA

Question 14

albuterol description

Answer 14

inhaler, beta agonist

Question 15

why b2 agonist better than general beta agonist

Answer 15

avoids stimulating the heart

Question 16

methacholine test basis

Answer 16

methacholine is muscarinic agonist. asthmatic patient’s FEV will drop more readily if take methacholine

Question 17

2 main drug classes for asthma

Answer 17

beta agonists and muscarinic antagonists

Question 18

example of muscarinic antagonist used in asthma

Answer 18

atropine (and all atrop family, ipratropium, etc.)

Question 19

basis for what makes long acting drugs long actin (ex. LAMAs)

Answer 19

are charged so don’t enter cells as readily and are available longer

Question 20

2 uses of AchE inhibitors

Answer 20

• myasthenia gravis: check if muscle constriction reverses if greater Ach tone
• Alzheimer’s: improve function of remaining cholinergic neurons

Question 21

nicotine therapy one use and why tough to use that

Answer 21

patches to stop smoking

nicotine gives general effects on SS and PSS (nicotinic AchR on post neuron)

Question 22

cholinergic therapy 3 main targets

Answer 22

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, AchE

Question 23

Tokyo sarin attack: nerve gas was an AchE inhibitor. Antidote?

Answer 23

Atropine. muscarinic antagonist (stop the narrowing of the airways caused by the increased Ach tone)

Question 24

antidote to esterase inhibitor poisoning

Answer 24

atropine (muscarinic antagonist)

Question 25

treatment to acute hypotension (2)

Answer 25

phenylephrine (alpha 1 agonist)

NE

Question 26

treatment for chronic orthostatic hypotension

Answer 26

alpha 1 agonist

Question 27

adrenergic therapy in surgery: use

Answer 27

local vasoconstriction using adrenaline

Question 28

nasal congestion treatment

Answer 28

alpha 1 agonist locally to reduce flow to inflammed mucosa and reduce mucus

Question 29

propanolol what and use

Answer 29

beta (1 and 2) blocker (antagonist): hypertension, angina pectoris, arrythymias, etc.

Question 30

beta 2 selective antagonists: clinical uses

Answer 30

none

Question 31

6 drugs to know

Answer 31

prazosin, clonidine, albuterol, atropine, propanolol, nicotine

Question 32

what is prazosin

Answer 32

alpha 1 antagonist

Question 33

what is clonidine

Answer 33

alpha 2 agonist acting on dendrites (reduce firing rate) and terminals (reduce NE release

Question 34

what is albuterol

Answer 34

short acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma

Question 35

what is atropine

Answer 35

a muscarinic antagonist

Question 36

what is propanolol

Answer 36

a beta antagonist (antihypertensive)

Question 37

3 antihypertensive drugs covered to know

Answer 37

prazosin, clonidine, propanolol

Question 38

other name for albuterol + brand name

Answer 38

salbutamol (Ventolin)