Pharmacology ANS II Oct2 M3 Flashcards

1
Q

partial vs full agonist

A

lower efficacy but same potency

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2
Q

partial agonist use

A

acts as antagonist when taken with a full agonist

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3
Q

prazosin: what it is

A

antihypertensive drug. alpha 1 antagonist (reduce PVR)

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4
Q

clonidine: what it is

A

antihypertensive drug. alpha 2 agonist (on dendrites and nerve terminals of adrenergic neurons - NE)

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5
Q

clonidine two effects on adrenergic neurons exactly

A

reduce firing rate (at dendrite)

reduce NE release (at terminal)

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6
Q

ANS drug used in pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor) treatment and how

A

tumour secretes E and NE a lot, especially if squeezed so before surgery, give prozasin to drop BP

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7
Q

why prazosin is not the best drug to help during pheochromocytoma surgery + counterpart

A
binds reversibly (competitive reversible)
phenoxybenzamine is irreversible (binds covalently)
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8
Q

prazosin vs phenoxybenzamine effect on response curve

A

prazosin reduces potency (higher dose needed for same effect

phenoxybenzamine reduces efficacy

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9
Q

ANS receptors in CVS

A

M2 and beta 1 in heart. alpha 1 in skin and viscera. beta 2 in skeletal muscle

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10
Q

ANS receptors in airways

A

beta2 and M3

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11
Q

where PSS innervation of lungs comes from

A

vagus nerve

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12
Q

vagus ACh effect on bronchi (2)

A

bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

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13
Q

ex of drug for asthma and what type

A

albuterol, SABA

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14
Q

albuterol description

A

inhaler, beta agonist

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15
Q

why b2 agonist better than general beta agonist

A

avoids stimulating the heart

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16
Q

methacholine test basis

A

methacholine is muscarinic agonist. asthmatic patient’s FEV will drop more readily if take methacholine

17
Q

2 main drug classes for asthma

A

beta agonists and muscarinic antagonists

18
Q

example of muscarinic antagonist used in asthma

A

atropine (and all atrop family, ipratropium, etc.)

19
Q

basis for what makes long acting drugs long actin (ex. LAMAs)

A

are charged so don’t enter cells as readily and are available longer

20
Q

2 uses of AchE inhibitors

A
  • myasthenia gravis: check if muscle constriction reverses if greater Ach tone
  • Alzheimer’s: improve function of remaining cholinergic neurons
21
Q

nicotine therapy one use and why tough to use that

A

patches to stop smoking

nicotine gives general effects on SS and PSS (nicotinic AchR on post neuron)

22
Q

cholinergic therapy 3 main targets

A

nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, AchE

23
Q

Tokyo sarin attack: nerve gas was an AchE inhibitor. Antidote?

A

Atropine. muscarinic antagonist (stop the narrowing of the airways caused by the increased Ach tone)

24
Q

antidote to esterase inhibitor poisoning

A

atropine (muscarinic antagonist)

25
treatment to acute hypotension (2)
phenylephrine (alpha 1 agonist) | NE
26
treatment for chronic orthostatic hypotension
alpha 1 agonist
27
adrenergic therapy in surgery: use
local vasoconstriction using adrenaline
28
nasal congestion treatment
alpha 1 agonist locally to reduce flow to inflammed mucosa and reduce mucus
29
propanolol what and use
beta (1 and 2) blocker (antagonist): hypertension, angina pectoris, arrythymias, etc.
30
beta 2 selective antagonists: clinical uses
none
31
6 drugs to know
prazosin, clonidine, albuterol, atropine, propanolol, nicotine
32
what is prazosin
alpha 1 antagonist
33
what is clonidine
alpha 2 agonist acting on dendrites (reduce firing rate) and terminals (reduce NE release
34
what is albuterol
short acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma
35
what is atropine
a muscarinic antagonist
36
what is propanolol
a beta antagonist (antihypertensive)
37
3 antihypertensive drugs covered to know
prazosin, clonidine, propanolol
38
other name for albuterol + brand name
salbutamol (Ventolin)