Pharmacology ANS II Oct2 M3 Flashcards
partial vs full agonist
lower efficacy but same potency
partial agonist use
acts as antagonist when taken with a full agonist
prazosin: what it is
antihypertensive drug. alpha 1 antagonist (reduce PVR)
clonidine: what it is
antihypertensive drug. alpha 2 agonist (on dendrites and nerve terminals of adrenergic neurons - NE)
clonidine two effects on adrenergic neurons exactly
reduce firing rate (at dendrite)
reduce NE release (at terminal)
ANS drug used in pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor) treatment and how
tumour secretes E and NE a lot, especially if squeezed so before surgery, give prozasin to drop BP
why prazosin is not the best drug to help during pheochromocytoma surgery + counterpart
binds reversibly (competitive reversible) phenoxybenzamine is irreversible (binds covalently)
prazosin vs phenoxybenzamine effect on response curve
prazosin reduces potency (higher dose needed for same effect
phenoxybenzamine reduces efficacy
ANS receptors in CVS
M2 and beta 1 in heart. alpha 1 in skin and viscera. beta 2 in skeletal muscle
ANS receptors in airways
beta2 and M3
where PSS innervation of lungs comes from
vagus nerve
vagus ACh effect on bronchi (2)
bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
ex of drug for asthma and what type
albuterol, SABA
albuterol description
inhaler, beta agonist
why b2 agonist better than general beta agonist
avoids stimulating the heart
methacholine test basis
methacholine is muscarinic agonist. asthmatic patient’s FEV will drop more readily if take methacholine
2 main drug classes for asthma
beta agonists and muscarinic antagonists
example of muscarinic antagonist used in asthma
atropine (and all atrop family, ipratropium, etc.)
basis for what makes long acting drugs long actin (ex. LAMAs)
are charged so don’t enter cells as readily and are available longer
2 uses of AchE inhibitors
- myasthenia gravis: check if muscle constriction reverses if greater Ach tone
- Alzheimer’s: improve function of remaining cholinergic neurons
nicotine therapy one use and why tough to use that
patches to stop smoking
nicotine gives general effects on SS and PSS (nicotinic AchR on post neuron)
cholinergic therapy 3 main targets
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, AchE
Tokyo sarin attack: nerve gas was an AchE inhibitor. Antidote?
Atropine. muscarinic antagonist (stop the narrowing of the airways caused by the increased Ach tone)
antidote to esterase inhibitor poisoning
atropine (muscarinic antagonist)
treatment to acute hypotension (2)
phenylephrine (alpha 1 agonist)
NE
treatment for chronic orthostatic hypotension
alpha 1 agonist
adrenergic therapy in surgery: use
local vasoconstriction using adrenaline
nasal congestion treatment
alpha 1 agonist locally to reduce flow to inflammed mucosa and reduce mucus
propanolol what and use
beta (1 and 2) blocker (antagonist): hypertension, angina pectoris, arrythymias, etc.
beta 2 selective antagonists: clinical uses
none
6 drugs to know
prazosin, clonidine, albuterol, atropine, propanolol, nicotine
what is prazosin
alpha 1 antagonist
what is clonidine
alpha 2 agonist acting on dendrites (reduce firing rate) and terminals (reduce NE release
what is albuterol
short acting beta 2 agonist used in asthma
what is atropine
a muscarinic antagonist
what is propanolol
a beta antagonist (antihypertensive)
3 antihypertensive drugs covered to know
prazosin, clonidine, propanolol
other name for albuterol + brand name
salbutamol (Ventolin)
