Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bloc B - Respiration > COPD pathology Oct10 M1 > Flashcards

COPD pathology Oct10 M1 Flashcards

1
Q

COPD def (2)

A

1) Any pulm disorder resulting from increased resistance or decreased lung or chest recoil
2) slowly progressive disorder resulting from emphysema or reduction in caliber of small airways (bronchioles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 COPDs

A

emphysema, bronchiolitis (small airway disease), asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 COPDs that aren’t really obstructive

A 
chronic bronchitis (even if considered true COPD)
bronchiectasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pulmonary acinus def

A

lung parenchyma distal to terminal bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pulmonary lobule def

A

lung tissue surrounded by interlobular septae (group of acini)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pulmonary interstitium def

A

CT in alveolar and interlobular septae and around vessels and airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bronchi vs bronchioles

A

bronchioles = no cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

terminal bronchiole def

A

THE (1) last bronchiole with no alveoli associted with it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

major site of injury for many pulmonary diseases

A

proximal respiratory bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

secondary lobule def + width

A

region supplied by one terminal bronchiole. Usually 6 acini. surrounded by CT (interlobular septae). 1-2 cm in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

secondary lobule (or lobule) blood sup

A

terminal bronchiole is paralleled by a centrilobular artery.

The veins and lymphatics run in the interlobular septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

emphysema def

A

abnormal and permanent enlargement of airspaces with destruction of alveolar walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where elastic tissue found in lung + something important to note

A

in wall of airways and also in alveoli. Elastic tissue of these two regions is connected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of elastic tissue

A

Stops airways from collapsing when we exhale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protein other than elastin found in lung interstitium

A

some collagen too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Equilibrium between __ and __ is important to maintain elastin and collagen in lung

A

Proteases (elastase and collagenase) and antiproteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes baseline protease release in the lung

A

Neutrophils and macrophages in circulation + in alveolar interstitium and septum, everyday, some die and release these enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mechanisms (one major) to control baseline protease release in the lung (2)

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin present in the blood (major)

In situ antiproteases in the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cigarette smoke effects on neutrophils (4)

A

Increases their number
Delays their transit in lung (more chance they release enzymes)
Increase the amount of neutrophil elastase
Increase neutrophil elastase release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cigarette smoke effect on macrophages

A

Increases the number of alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2 antiproteases

A

1) epithelial cell antiproteases

2) serum alpha 1 antiprotease

22
Q

3 types of emphysema

A

centrilobular (proximal acinar)
panlobular (panacinar)
paraseptal (distal acinar)

23
Q

gross histology of centrilobular emphysema

A

patchy black holes (black due to cigarette’s carbon).. Foci of coalesced alveoli which can enlarge with time.

24
Q

centrilobular emphysema affects mostly which parts of the lung

A

upper zones

25
Q

location of disease of the lung: different words to characterize it

A

bilateral vs unilateral
lower vs upper vs middle zones
apexes

26
Q

what location of disease depends on (what characterizes it)

A

depends on PP gradient and blood flow

27
Q

why upper lobe that is affected in centrilobular emphysema (3)

A

1) underperfusion relative to ventilation (less blood antiprotease)
2) slower transit time of leukocytes (more time for leukocyte elastase release)
3) Less effective clearance of inhaled material from upper lobe

28
Q

95% of emphysema clinically is _______ (which type) and is related to ___

A

centrilobular

cigarette smoking

29
Q

panacinar emphysema affects which regions of the lung

A

lower zones

30
Q

cause of panacinar emphysema and when get it

A

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (normally produced in liver)

get it a young age, can be 40-45 yr old if they smoke

31
Q

why panacinar emphysema has a predominance in lower zones of the lung

A

greater blood flow there so more neutrophils

proteases will digest the lung there more

32
Q

paraseptal (distal acinar) emphysema location

A

periphery of the lung next to intralobular septae, spaces often next to pleura

33
Q

physical feature seen in paraseptal emphysema

A

blebs that form in upper region of the lung

34
Q

danger of blebs in paraseptal emphysema (name of the disease)

A

spontaneous pneumothorax. can cause disease when they burst (bc pressure increased inside) bc then continous with pleural space.

35
Q

bullae def

A

spaces in the lung larger than a centimeter

36
Q

bronchiolitis (small airway disease) def

A

inflammation of the bronchioles

37
Q

small airway disease 3 characteristics + something in common between patients

A

mural chronic inflammation
mural fibrosis
epithelial goblet cell hyperplasia and luminal mucus accumulation

Usually cigarette smokers

38
Q

small airway disease pathophysiology

A

inflammation, fibrosis and mucous decrease diameter of the lung

39
Q

goblet cells presence in SAD explanation

A

not normally in epithelial lining of bronchioles but epithelial cells changed to become goblet cells

40
Q

chronic bronchitis definition

A

expectoration (coughing up) of mucous on most days for at least 3 consecutive months for at least two years

41
Q

SAD: what cigarette smoking causes to bronchioles

A

irritates them and causes goblet cell metaplasia

42
Q

chronic bronchitis: what cigarette smoking causes to bronchi

A

irritates them and causes increase of mucous cells within bronchial glands

43
Q

chronic bronchitis severity and what it shows

A

not too bad: mucous won’t obstruct airways and is coughed out
It shows that airways are irritated

44
Q

chronic bronchitis often seen with ____

A

bronchiolitis

45
Q

bronchiectasis def

A

irreversible dilation of a portion of the bronchial tree

46
Q

3 adjectives to characterize bronchiectasis and their meaning

A

cylindrical
varicose (worm like)
saccular (sac like)

47
Q

3 classifications (location or other) of bronchiectasis

A

Intraluminal bronchial obstruction
Inherited cellular or molecular defects
Parenchymal fibrosis

48
Q

intraluminal bronchial obstruction in bronchiectasis caused by what

A

carcinoma, aspirated foreign body

49
Q

inherited cellular or molecular defects exemple in bronchiectasis

A

cystic fibrosis

50
Q

exemple of parenchymal fibrosis cause in bronchiectasis

A

sarcoidosis, tuberculosis

Bloc B - Respiration (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions