Lung Cancer Oct 16 M2

Question 1

most frequent cause of cancer death in North America in males and females

Answer 1

lung cancer

Question 2

how lung cancer deaths compare to 3 next most deadly cancers

Answer 2

greater than deaths of colon, prostate and breast cancer combined

Question 3

what percentage of patients presetn with locally advanced or metastatic lung cancer

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

main risk factor for lung cancer

Answer 4

cigarette smoking

Question 5

what % of lung cancer patients never smoked

Answer 5

1 out of 5 (20%)

Question 6

how lung cancer rates are varying in non smokers

Answer 6

increasing

Question 7

lung cancer most strongly associated with cigarette smoking

Answer 7

small cell carcinoma

Question 8

what components of cigarette smoking influence risk of dev cancer

Answer 8

duration, quantity, age of start

Question 9

T-F: when stop smoking: cancer risk can go back to baseline

Answer 9

False. drops but never back to as if never smoked

Question 10

asbestos and smoking together: risk for lung cancer

Answer 10

multiplicative effect (increase risk by 40x)

Question 11

other risk for lung cancer (related to previous diseases (2)

Answer 11

old TB scars

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 12

first sutdy showing screening method for lung cancer and conclusion

Answer 12

National Lung Screening Trial study: low dose CT in pop at risk shows reduction in mortality

Question 13

how small cell lung cancer differs from others

Answer 13

has the worst prognosis

Question 14

lung cancers that are proximal

Answer 14

neuroendocrine (small cell, carcinoid) and squamous cell CA

Question 15

lung cancers that are peripheral

Answer 15

adenocarcinoma, large cell

Question 16

most common lung cancer in non smokers

Answer 16

adenocarcinoma

Question 17

what lung cancer tends to cavitate on CXR

Answer 17

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 18

in non-small cell Ca patients, how symptoms and disease progression correlate

Answer 18

75% of symptomatic patients have advanced stage disease

Question 19

small cell lung CA: how many patients have symptoms and how correlates with advanced disease

Answer 19

90% of small cell have symptoms. most have advanced disease

Question 20

main locoregional lung cancer symptoms

Answer 20

cough, chest pain, dyspnea, hemoptysis

Question 21

superior vena cava obstruction syndrome symptoms

Answer 21

facial swelling, collateral veins swelling

Question 22

Pancoast syndrome symptoms and cause

Answer 22

hand or arm pain, Horner’s (ptosis, myosis, anhydrosis) bc involvement of brachial plexus (SS chain)

Question 23

what lung CA associated with hypercalcemia

Answer 23

squamous cell CA

Question 24

paraneoplastic syndromes def

Answer 24

syndromes related to ectopic hormones or anomalies related to Ig formation

Question 25

paraneoplastic syndromes more common in what lung CA

Answer 25

small cell CA

Question 26

paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell CA

Answer 26

Cushing’s (ectopic ACTH), neuro syndromes, SIADH)

Question 27

paraneoplastic syndromes in NSCLC

Answer 27

hypercalcemia, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and clubbing

Question 28

complicated name for clubbing

Answer 28

hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy

Question 29

good diagnostic test with central tumours

Answer 29

bronchoscopy

Question 30

staging tests important to know (3)

Answer 30

Chest X ray. CT from thorax to adrenals.

Pathological confirmation

Question 31

Useful method for cancer staging

Answer 31

PET scans

Question 32

What method used for lung cancer staging

Answer 32

TNM method

Question 33

what lung CA is staged differently from others

Answer 33

small cell CA

Question 34

limited vs extensive: definition when use that in staging

Answer 34

limited: one hemithorax and regional lymph nodes (fits in single radiation field)

Question 35

main treatment for small cell lung cancer and when to expect improvement

Answer 35

chemotherapy. improvement after 1st treatment