pneumonia Flashcards
what is pneumonia
an infection that can inflame the air sacs, causing them to fill with pus and fluid (not always) - not contagious
what are the 3 classes of pneumonia
clinical eg community, organisms, morphology eg lobar
what is the pathology of pneumonia
acute immune system (macrophages, neutrophils etc), immune system can become involved
who is at risk of pneumonia
elderly, immunocompromised, COPD, aspiration of gastric contents, cardiac failure
what is lobar pneumonia
consolidation affecting a complete lung lobe
what is bronchopneumonia
starts in bronchi and bronchioles and spreads to adjacent alveoli
what are symptoms of pneumonia
cough +/- green sputum, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, fever, chest pain, malaise, haemoptysis, crackles, abdo pain
what are complications of pneumonia
empyema, bronchiectasis (fixed opening of airway), lung abscess
what are the investigations for pneumonia
CXR for consolidation bloods, serology, CURB65
what is the criteria for CURB65
confusion, urea >7, Resp >30, BP < 90/60, over 65 (3 or more)
what is the most common cause of pneumonia and how do you treat it
strep pneumonia - penicillin
what can cause pneumonia in COPD commonly
haem infleunza
what can infect post influenza
staph aureus
name some atypical causes of pneumonia
Chlamydophila Psitacci, - Coxiella Burnetti, - Legionella pneumophilia, Pneumocystis (Jiroveci
what can cause chlaymidia psitacci
birds
what can cause coxiella burnetti
sheep/ goats (farmers)
what can cause legionella and what symptoms may present
air con (eg holiday to hot country), lots of GI symptoms
what type of patient is likely to get Pneumocystis (Jiroveci
immunocomprised
when is pneumonia hospital acquired
more than 3 days
if curb65 is less than 2 for CAP what is given + what If pen allergy
amoxicillin (doxy)
if curb65 is 3-5 what treatment is given + what If pen allergy
Co-amoxiclav (levofloxacin) + PO doxycyline
in non severe HAP, what treatment is given + what If pen allergy
amoxicillin (doxy)
In severe HAP what treatment is given + what If pen allergy
IV amox (co-tramoxazole) + metro
in HAP non-severe aspiration what is given + what If pen allergy
metro + amox (doxy)
in HAP severe aspiration what is given
metro + gent + amox
