immunology and disorders Flashcards
what are SPUR infections
serious, persistent, unusual, recurrent infections (most potent) that are signs of immune deficiency
which is more common primary or secondary immune deficiencies and what are they
secondary, PID = immune component missing
In PID’s, what is associetad with primary antibody deficiency and what are some examples
sinusitis and otitis pedia, CVID, specific AB def (SAD), X - linked agamma… (XLA)
who is likely to have complement system disorders
laryngeal angioedema
what can cause congenital neutropenias
IgG deficiency in children
what is kotsmann syndrome
neutrophils are not produced , rare autosomal dominant disease, count down, severe congenital neutropenia (SCN)
how can failure to produce neutrophils arise
failure of stem cell differentiation and failure to mature to neutrophils
what is leukocyte adhesion deficiency
PID, neutrophils can’t stick to vessels and enter to site of infection, autosomal recessive, count OK
what is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
failure of oxidase killing (NADPH complex) so neutrophils cannot kill, count OK, lots of pus
what can anti-TNF reactivate
latent TB
how o you treat PID’s
Ig replacement, bone marrow transplant, gene therapy
where do neutrophils arise
haematopoietic cells from bone marrow
what is reticular dysgenesis
stem cells can’t differentiate into haematopoietic cells
what is severe combined immune deficiency (SCID)
failure to produce lymphocytes
why does SCID only present after 3 months
maternal IgG boosts babies immunity until then
which receptor is damaged in X linked SCID
IL2
what is DiGeorge syndrome
chromosome 22q11 deleted and thymus fails to develop = funny looking kid
what happens if the thymus does not develop
T cells cannot develop
what is CVID
failure to produce IgG, IgA, IgE
what type of hypersensitivity is type 1
allergies, an IgE response to an allergen
what is the role of B and T cells in allergies
B produce IgE and T aid this
what do mast cells do in allergic reactions
express Fc receptors for IgE and produce inflammatory mediators
what can you give to people with allergies such as hayfever
antihistamines
what can be done to identify allergies
skin prick test and challenge testing
what drug should be discontinued 48 hours before skin prick test
antihistamines
what drugs stop mast cells degranulating
sodium chromoglycate
what is type II hypersensitivity
antiBodies, bind to cell antigens and cause complement pathway
what is a syndrome caused by type II hypersensitivity
Goodpasture’s syndrome
what antibody is a pentagon
IgM
what is type III hypersensitivity
immune complexes are in areas they are not wanted and cause complement pathways and inflammation
give an example of type III hypersensitivity
EEA, eg farmers lung
what mediates type IV hypersensitivity
T cells
what does type IV lead to the formation of
granulomas
give examples of non-autoimmune type IV hypersensitivity
TB, sarcoidosis, leprosy
what type of sensitivity is anaphyaxis
type I (IgE)
what are the symptoms of anaphlyacis
flushing, itchy, hives, angioedema (swelling), vomiting and abdo pain, hypotension and resp failure
how do you treat anaphylaxis
IM epinephrine (adrenaline), antihistamine, corticosteroid, high flow O2, allergy avoidance
