pneumonia Flashcards
what is pneumonia
any type of infection in the lower respiratory system
causes inflammation of the lung tissues, the alveolar air spaces become filed with purulent inflammatory cells, and fibrin
how is pneumonia transmitted
via inhaled infectious droplets
pneumonia risk factors
age
compromised immunity
underlying lung disease
alcoholism
altered LOC
impaired swallowing -> aspiration
nursing home
hospitalization
influenza
what is hospital acquired pneumonia
PNA developed within 48 hrs after admission
pneumonia pathogenesis
failure of cough reflex, the mucocilary clearance mechanism, and immune system
failure of the mucociliary defense mechanism allows exudative fluid and inflammatory cells to invade the alveoli
who is the mucociliary clearance mechanism ineffective in
SMOKERS
clinical manifestations of pneumonia
usually preceded by an URI
proceeds to fever, chills, productive OR dry cough, malaise, pleural pain, sometimes dyspnea and hemoptysis
cough: bacterial vs. viral
bacterial: productive/purulent; sputum may be green, rusty, or red currant jelly
viral: nonproductive/scanty
signs of severe pneumonia
tachypnea, signs of respiratory distress/failure
diagnosis of pneumonia
s/s on physical
dullness to percussion, inspiratory CRACKLES
chest x-ray –> infiltrates
cbc - to determine if bacterial (WBC increase) (leukocytosis)
+ sputum for C&S (identifies specific bacteria and antibiotics that will kill the bacteria)
What is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Related to immune suppression (HIV, transplant)
Yeast like fungus
What is mycoplasma pneumonia
“Walking pneumonia”
Mild PNA, patient may complain of persistent cough, headache, earache
Bacterial like organism properties of both bacteria and virus
What is legionella pneumonia
Gram negative organism
Spread via water systems —> air conditioners, mist sprayed on produce, hot tubs
What is aspergillus pneumonia
Fungal PNA
Released from walls of OLD BUILDINGS, reconstruction, stored grains, dead leaves, compost
Affects lung tissues
What is treatment for bacterial pneumonias
Antibiotics
