obstructive pulmonary PHARM Flashcards
what are the three classes of bronchodilators
beta-adrenergic agonists
anti-cholinergics
xanthine derivatives
what are the short acting beta-adrenergic agonists
albuterol
levalbuterol
what are the long acting beta-adrenergic agonists
salmetrol
formoterol
inhalation times for short and long acting beta-adrenergic agonists
short: inhaled q4-6 hrs
long: inhaled q12 hrs
beta-adrenergic agonist MOA
mimic action of SNS (fight or flight)
relax and dilate the airways by stimulating the beta2-adrenergic receptors throughout the lungs
what is the goal of beta-adrenergic agonist
bronchial dilation and increased airflow into and out of the lungs
indications for beta adrenergic agonist
prevention or relief of bronchospasm related to asthma/bronchitis/other pulmonary conditions
contraindications of beta adrenergic agonist
uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, high risk for stroke
Nursing considerations for beta adrenergic agonist
beta blockers may reduce effect when given together
avoid use with MAOIs and sympathomimetics b/c risk of hypertension
diabetics may need higher doses of meds b/c raises blood sugar
SE of beta adrenergic agonist
insomnia, restlessness, anorexia, cardiac stimulation, hyperglycemia, tremor, vascular headache
why are long acting beta 2 agonists used
salmeterol and formoterol
given for maintenance twice daily
what drug is an anticholinergic
ipratroprium (Atrovent)
MOA of ipratroprium
blocks action of acetylcholine –> causes bronchodilation
indications for ipratroprium
used for prophylaxis and maintenance therapy
SE of ipratroprium
urinary retention dry throat, mouth, constipation feeling hot, decreased sweating tachycardia blurred vision, dry eyes sedation, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations
pneumonic for SE of anticholinergic
dry as a bone hot as a hare blind as a bat red as a beet mad as a hatter
drugs in xanthine derivatives class
theophylline
aminophylline