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MY NUR 326 > antibacterials MINUS cephalosporins > Flashcards

antibacterials MINUS cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MOA of penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis, weakens cell wall, influx of fluid into the cell, the cell swells and bursts and then dies

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2
Q

adverse effects of penicillin

A

urticaria
pruritis
angioedema

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3
Q

what does penicillin interact with

A

NSAIDs, warfarin, oral contraceptives

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4
Q

what is a natural penicillin

A

Penicillin G &V

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5
Q

what does penicillin G & V treat

A

gram+
gram- cocci
anaerobic bacteria
spirochetes
IM to treat STDs

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6
Q

what is the least toxic penicillin

A

penicillin G & V / Natural PCNs

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7
Q

what drug is a penicillanse resistant PCN

A

nafcillin

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8
Q

indications for nafcillin

A

for people with who secrete penicillinase enzyme
-most common in patients who have staph bacteria

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9
Q

what is the route for nafcillin

A

IV only

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10
Q

what drugs are aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin

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11
Q

what does amoxicillin most commonly treat

A

ear, nose, throat, GI, skin infections

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12
Q

SE of ampicillin

A

diarrhea and rash
less common in amoxicillin

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13
Q

what is the most intense (broadest spectrum) penicillin

A

piperacillin

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14
Q

what does piperacillin work against

A

pseudomonal bacteria

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15
Q

what is an adverse effect of piperacillin

A

affect platelet function

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16
Q

nursing considerations for piperacillin

A

always given with beta lactamase inhibitors
watch for patients with renal dysfunction

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17
Q

Carbapenem drugs

A

imipenem/cilastin
meropenem

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18
Q

what are imipenem/cilastin and meropenem used for

A

complicated infections

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19
Q

adverse effects of carbapenems

A

drug induced seizure (more imipenem)

meropenem - rash and diarrhea

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20
Q

nursing considerations for impenem/cliastin and meropenem

A

broadest spectrum
last resort med
MONITOR FOR SEIZURE
IV infused OVER 60 min

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21
Q

MOA of vancomycin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis (weaken cell wall) –> cell lysis and death

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22
Q

indications for vancomycin

A

c.diff
pseudomembranous colitis

23
Q

adverse effects of vancomycin

A

decrease dose for renal dysfunction
ototoxicity with high levels
immune mediated thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxic
Red man syndrome - flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension
infuse slowly

24
Q

what drugs are in the aminoglycoside class

A

gentamycin
amikacin
tobramycin

25
Q

indications for aminoglycosides

A

potent antibiotics that work well on gram (-) bacteria
-if using it for gram (+) need other antibiotic for synergistic effect

26
Q

MOA of aminoglycosides

A

antimicrobial antibiotics that inhibit bacterial ribosomes (organelles that make proteins)

27
Q

side effects of aminoglycosides

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

28
Q

nursing considerations for aminoglycosides

A

therapeutic drug monitoring –> peak/trough levels

29
Q

gentamycin considerations

A

if combining with neuromuscular blockade –> can cause profound respiratory distress

30
Q

gentamycin adverse effects

A

CNS: confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, tingling

cochlear damage - ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus

31
Q

what drug is in the lincosamide group

A

clindamycin

32
Q

MOA of clindamycin

A

binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis

33
Q

indications for clindamycin

A

chronic bone infection, GU tract infection, intraabdominal infections, anaerobic pneumonia, septicemia, serious skin infections; prophylaxis for endocarditis

34
Q

nursing considerations for clindamycin

A

monitor use with neuromuscular blockade medications
very toxic - monitor levels
can cause deadly pseudomembranous colitis

35
Q

what drugs are in macrolide class

A

erythromycin
azitromycin

36
Q

MOA of macrolides

A

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

erythromycin and azithromycin

37
Q

indications for macrolides

A

various infections of upper and lower respiratory
skin infections
soft tissue infections; STIs

38
Q

what intense side effect do macrolides have

A

GI side effects

erythromycin
azithromycin

39
Q

Nursing considerations for erythromycin

A

IV is painful; oral absorption isnt great
DO NOT TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH - lots of GI upset
lots of drug interactions

40
Q

nursing considerations for azithromycin

A

less GI upset, still some
try to take WITHOUT FOOD, food decreases absorption

41
Q

what drugs are in tetracyclines

A

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

42
Q

MOA of tetracyclines

A

bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

43
Q

contraindications of tetracyclines

A

NO FOR: pregnant and nursing women and children younger than 8

44
Q

adverse effects of tetracycline

A

discoloration of permanent teeth and enamel, photosensitivity, n/v/d

rare: anaphylaxis and angioedema

45
Q

what drugs are in fluoroquinolones class

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

46
Q

MOA of ciprofloxacin & levofloxacin

A

destroy bacteria by altering their DNA

47
Q

what are ciprofloxacin & levofloxacin used to treat

A

UTIs, some STIs, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, gonorrhea, and other infections, anthrax

48
Q

adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

A

arthropathy (joint disease)

49
Q

nursing considerations for ciprofloxacin

A

avoid in patients under 18 and over 60, prolonged post antibiotic effects, works well on rapid and slow growing organisms

50
Q

adverse effects of levofloxacin

A

CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity

51
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

inhibits DNA synthesis, similar to fluroquinolones

52
Q

adverse effects of metronidazole

A

n/v, xerostomia (dry mouth), vaginal candidiasis

53
Q

nursing considerations for metronidazole

A

DO NOT TAKE WITH ALCOHOL

MY NUR 326 (12 decks)

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