Antimicrobial PHARM PT 3

Question 1

what drugs are in the aminoglycoside class

Answer 1

gentamycin
amikacin
tobramycin

Question 2

indications for aminoglycosides

Answer 2

potent antibiotics that work well on gram (-) bacteria
-if using it for gram (+) need other antibiotic for synergistic effect

Question 3

MOA of aminoglycosides

Answer 3

antimicrobial antibiotics that inhibit bacterial ribosomes (organelles that make proteins)

Question 4

side effects of aminoglycosides

Answer 4

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity

Question 5

nursing considerations for aminoglycosides

Answer 5

therapeutic drug monitoring –> peak/trough levels

Question 6

gentamycin considerations

Answer 6

if combining with neuromuscular blockade –> can cause profound respiratory distress

Question 7

gentamycin adverse effects

Answer 7

CNS: confusion, depression, disorientation, numbness, tingling

cochlear damage - ototoxicity, high-frequency hearing loss, high-pitched tinnitus

Question 8

what drug is in the lincosamide group

Answer 8

clindamycin

Question 9

MOA of clindamycin

Answer 9

binds to ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis

Question 10

indications for clindamycin

Answer 10

chronic bone infection, GU tract infection, intraabdominal infections, anaerobic pneumonia, septicemia, serious skin infections; prophylaxis for endocarditis

Question 11

nursing considerations for clindamycin

Answer 11

monitor use with neuromuscular blockade medications
very toxic - monitor levels
can cause deadly pseudomembranous colitis

Question 12

what drugs are in macrolide class

Answer 12

erythromycin
azitromycin

Question 13

MOA of macrolides

Answer 13

inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

erythromycin and azithromycin

Question 14

indications for macrolides

Answer 14

various infections of upper and lower respiratory
skin infections
soft tissue infections; STIs

Question 15

what intense side effect do macrolides have

Answer 15

GI side effects

erythromycin
azithromycin

Question 16

Nursing considerations for erythromycin

Answer 16

IV is painful; oral absorption isnt great
DO NOT TAKE ON EMPTY STOMACH - lots of GI upset
lots of drug interactions

Question 17

nursing considerations for azithromycin

Answer 17

less GI upset, still some
try to take WITHOUT FOOD, food decreases absorption

Question 18

what drugs are in tetracyclines

Answer 18

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Question 19

MOA of tetracyclines

Answer 19

bacteriostatic drugs that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes

Question 20

contraindications of tetracyclines

Answer 20

NO FOR: pregnant and nursing women and children younger than 8

Question 21

adverse effects of tetracycline

Answer 21

discoloration of permanent teeth and enamel, photosensitivity, n/v/d

rare: anaphylaxis and angioedema

Question 22

what drugs are in fluoroquinolones class

Answer 22

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

Question 23

MOA of ciprofloxacin & levofloxacin

Answer 23

destroy bacteria by altering their DNA

Question 24

what are ciprofloxacin & levofloxacin used to treat

Answer 24

UTIs, some STIs, upper and lower respiratory tract infections, gonorrhea, and other infections, anthrax

Question 25

adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

Answer 25

arthropathy (joint disease)

Question 26

nursing considerations for ciprofloxacin

Answer 26

avoid in patients under 18 and over 60, prolonged post antibiotic effects, works well on rapid and slow growing organisms

Question 27

adverse effects of levofloxacin

Answer 27

CNS disorders that predispose to seizures, kidney failure, can cause prolongation of QT interval, photosensitivity

Question 28

MOA of metronidazole

Answer 28

inhibits DNA synthesis, similar to fluroquinolones

Question 29

adverse effects of metronidazole

Answer 29

n/v, xerostomia (dry mouth), vaginal candidiasis

Question 30

nursing considerations for metronidazole

Answer 30

DO NOT TAKE WITH ALCOHOL