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MY NUR 326 > Antimicrobial Pharm > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MOA of penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, vancomycin

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis, weakens cell wall, influx of fluid into the cell, the cell swells and bursts and then dies

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2
Q

adverse effects of penicillin

A

urticaria
pruritis
angioedema`

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3
Q

what does penicillin interact with

A

NSAIDs, warfarin, oral contraceptives

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4
Q

what is a natural penicillin

A

Penicillin G &V
lowest

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5
Q

what does penicillin G & V treat

A

gram+
gram- cocci
anaerobic bacteria
spirochetes
IM to treat STDs

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6
Q

what is the least toxic penicillin

A

penicillin G & V / Natural PCNs

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7
Q

what drug is a penicillanse resistant PCN

A

nafcillin

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8
Q

indications for nafcillin

A

for people with who secrete penicillinase enzyme
-most common in patients who have staph bacteria

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9
Q

what is the route for nafcillin

A

IV only

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10
Q

what drugs are aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin
amoxicillin

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11
Q

what does amoxicillin most commonly treat

A

ear, nose, throat, GI, skin infections

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12
Q

SE of ampicillin

A

diarrhea and rash
less common in amoxicillin

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13
Q

what is the most intense (broadest spectrum) penicillin

A

piperacillin

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14
Q

what does piperacillin work against

A

pseudomonal bacteria

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15
Q

what is an adverse effect of piperacillin

A

affect platelet function

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16
Q

nursing considerations for piperacillin

A

always given with beta lactamase inhibitors
watch for patients with renal dysfunction

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17
Q

what do general cephalosporin normally treat

A

uti
sti
meningitis
septicemia
perionitis
gi distress
generalized rash
anaphylaxis
pneumonia

18
Q

adverse side effects of cephalosporin

A

Mild diarrhea, rash, pruritis, redness, edema, abdominal cramps

19
Q

nursing considerations for cephalosporins

A

often resistant to beta-lactamase
pregnancy category B - fairly safe for preg
not great oral absorption

20
Q

what drugs are 1st generation cephalosporins

A

cefazolin
cephalexin

21
Q

indications for cefazolin and cephalexin

A

skin infections and UTIs

cefazolin is common for surgical prophylaxis

22
Q

nursing considerations for cefazolin and cephalexin

A

do not work against enterococcal strep infections

cefazolin is IV only

23
Q

what are the 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

cefuroxime
cefotetan

24
Q

indications for cefuroxime and cefotetan

A

more gram (-)

cefuroxime - may be used for abdominal infection

25
Q

nursing considerations for cefuroxime and cefotetan

A

IV and PO
cefuroxime does not kill anerobic bacteria

26
Q

what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins

A

ceftriaxone
ceftazidime

27
Q

indications for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime

A

gram (-) infections

ceftazidime works well for pseudomonas

28
Q

nursing considerations for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime

A

most potent in fighting gram (-), no for gram (+)

ceftriaxone - extremely long acting, once a day, can cross blood brain barrier - DO NOT give to liver failure

29
Q

what is the 4th generation cephalosporin

A

cefepime

30
Q

indications for cefepime

A

gram (-) and (+)
uncomplicated/complicated UTIs and pneumonias

31
Q

which cephalosporins cross the blood brain barrier

A

cefepime
ceftriazone

32
Q

what is the 5th generation cephalosporin

A

ceftaroline

33
Q

indications for ceftaroline

A

MRSA, MSSA, VRSA/VISA

34
Q

nursing considerations for ceftaroline

A

does not work against - enterobacter, pseudomonas, esbl, klebsiella

IV only
MONITOR KIDNEY

35
Q

Carbapenem drugs

A

imipenem/cilastin
meropenem

36
Q

MOA of cephalosporins

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis (weaken cell wall) –> cell lysis and death

37
Q

what are imipenem/cilastin and meropenem used for

A

complicated infections

38
Q

adverse effects of carbapenems

A

drug induced seizure (more imipenem)

meropenem - rash and diarrhea

39
Q

nursing considerations for impenem/cliastin and meropenem

A

broadest spectrum
last resort med
MONITOR FOR SEIZURE
IV infused OVER 60 min

40
Q

MOA of vancomycin

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis (weaken cell wall) –> cell lysis and death

41
Q

indications for vancomycin

A

c.diff
pseudomembranous colitis

42
Q

adverse effects of vancomycin

A

decrease dose for renal dysfunction
ototoxicity with high levels
immune mediated thrombocytopenia
nephrotoxic
Red man syndrome - flushing, rash, pruritus, urticaria, tachycardia, hypotension
infuse slowly

MY NUR 326 (12 decks)

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