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Control of movement > Planning movement > Flashcards

Planning movement Flashcards

1
Q

Fitts law basic concept

A

the slower you are, the more accurate. more speed = less accuracy

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2
Q

Fitts law 3 concepts of size, speed and distance

A

the bigger or closer something is the simpler, easier or more eye catching. The quicker something is to do the better

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3
Q

What can fitts law do

A

predict human behaviour

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4
Q

What is the basic concept of two third power law

A

Curved movements take longer than straight lines

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5
Q

what relationship does it show

A

shows a relationship between geometrical and temporal aspects of human movement

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6
Q

two third power law states that an increased velocity is lower in more what movement

A

curvature

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7
Q

what type of relationship does two third power law show with curvature and anuglar speed when drawing curves

A

positive

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8
Q

Define kinematics

A

The study of mechanics of studying movement/ motion of objects /body’s- without referencing forces

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9
Q

Displacement definition

A

the shortest distance between 2 points

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10
Q

vector definition

A

a measurable quantity that has magnitude and direction.

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11
Q

scalar definition

A

a quantity with only magnitude, no direction

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12
Q

distance definition

A

a length of space between 2 points

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13
Q

velocity definition and equation

A

rate of change of displacement - v=Distance speed/Time

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14
Q

is velocity a scalar or a vector and why

A

vector, has direction

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15
Q

speed equation

A

speed = distance over time

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16
Q

acceleration defintion

A

increase in velocity (has direction - a vector)

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17
Q

inverse and forward kinematics can do what

A

calculate motion of a system of joints and bones and robotics

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18
Q

when is inverse kinematics used

A

when a position of end chain is known

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19
Q

forward kinematics is used when what

A

the position of the intermediate joints are known and end joint position is known

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20
Q

why is inverse kinematics useful

A

defining goal position

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21
Q

forward kinematics is

A

the calculation of position and orientation of an end effector using variables of the joint

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22
Q

forward kinematics can also

A

calculation position and orientation of end effector

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23
Q

inverse kinematics is the calculation of

A

the variables of the set of joints and linkages connected to an ed effector

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24
Q

inverse dynamics relies on

A

motion of subject and a body

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25
Q

what does inverse dynamics do

A

calculate forces needed to create movement

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26
Q

forwards dynamics uses what to predict what

A

forces and or torque to predict resultant motions

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27
Q

what can forward dynamics help do

A

predict orientations of each link in articulated body

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28
Q

what factor may impact movement?

A

resistance

29
Q

define torque in 3 ways

A

force x distance or length
the tendency of a force to turn or twist
torque is a measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate - a vector

30
Q

what does the brain act as when planning movement

A

a controller

31
Q

what are the 2 strategies for planning movement in the brain

A

feedback and feedforward

32
Q

define feedforward - both names

A

open loop , predetermined plan

33
Q

feedback definition

A

closed loop , case by case control

34
Q

feedback is trial and error - true or false

A

true

35
Q

what is policy

A

desire to move

35
Q

what acts as information gathering of how far muscles will stretch and act to get to desired position

A

muscle spindles

35
Q

varability is

A

when you repeat the same movement and it is different each time

36
Q

when you repeat the same movement and it is different each time is is called

A

variability

36
Q

localisation definition

A

becoming located or fixed in a particular place:

37
Q

what is a reference frame

A

use letters like x y z to determine up down and side to side and right or left to help determine for coordinates

38
Q

what is extrinsic information

A

information received from external sources, outside of the body - like visual or auditory cue

39
Q

what is intrinsic information

A

kinematic or kinetic information from inside the body

40
Q

what is kinetics

A

the study of forces that cause motion

41
Q

what 3 organs does the body use for information for movement

A

muscle spindles
Golgi tendons
mechano reactors

42
Q

define golgi tendons

A

is a organ receptor loctaed at teh junction of the muscle and tendon

43
Q

what do golgi tendons do

A

it is a mechanoreceptor that plays an important role in regulating muscle tone. protects from excessive force and limits risk of injury

44
Q

what happens when the golgi tendon is stimulated

A

sends a message to the brain that relaxes the muscle

45
Q

what does the golgi tendon sense

A

muscle tension

46
Q

what is a mechanorepctor

A

a sensory receptor that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion

47
Q

what are mechanorepctors innervated by

A

sensory neurons

48
Q

where are electrical signals sent from mechanoreceptors

A

CNS

49
Q

What are muscle spindles

A

stretch receptors in the body of a skeletal muscle

50
Q

what do muscle spindles do

A

detetc changes in length of the muscle

51
Q

what do muscle spindles do 2

A

convey information of muscle length to the CNA via afferent nerve fiber’s

52
Q

what is a spinal reflex

A

spinal reflex are involuntary movements initated by sensory receptors

53
Q

how do spinal reflexes occur

A

activation of neurons

54
Q

spinal reflexes are a type of what

A

involuntary reflex

55
Q

voluntary movements require what

A

higher-level cortical control

56
Q

cortical control is in which part of the brain - 2 part s

A

cerebral cortex in the frontal lobe

57
Q

what does cortical control do to help movement planning

A

generates a plan

58
Q

sensorimotor transformations definition

A

process by which sensory stimuli are converted into motor commands - in order to respond to environment or stimuli

59
Q

how does the nervous system generate motor command

A

the nervous system compares the current sensory state to the desired state and transforms sensory coordinates into motor system coordinates - generating muscle movement

60
Q

what are the 4 stages of movement planning

A

locate, plan movement, find a plan, execute

61
Q

what is egocentric coordinate system

A

geometrical orientation linked to a body/object

62
Q

exteroceptive information example

A

visual or auditory

63
Q

2 types of extrinsic coordinate system

A

allocentric or egocentric and exteroceptive

64
Q

allocentric coordinate system definition

A

world or area centered coordinates

65
Q
A

Control of movement (15 decks)

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