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Control of movement > Descending tracts > Flashcards

Descending tracts Flashcards

1
Q

what do the cerebellum and basal ganglia do

A

regulate motor output

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2
Q

what do basal nuclei do

A

assist in the initiation and termination of the movement

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3
Q

what is the basal ganglia

A

is a group of brain structures that help control movement , learning and emotions

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4
Q

what is the basal ganglia responsible for

A

emotions and learning , control movement

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5
Q

what is the thalamus involved with

A

sensory as well as motor functions of the brain

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6
Q

what is the common pathway for spinal cord for motor control

A

alpha motor neuron

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7
Q

what is the basic motor system

A

input from local circuit neurons within the spinal cord directly from the brainstem and moot cortex

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8
Q

what does the cerebellum and basal ganglia do

A

modulate motor output

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9
Q

what assists the initiation and termination of movement

A

basal nuclei

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10
Q

what assists the posture and movement coordination by detecting errors

A

cerebellum

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11
Q

what is the thalamus

A

a gateway for cerebellar and basal nuclei input to cerebral cortex

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12
Q

what does type of neuron does the spinal cord receive from brainstem and motor cortex

A

alpha for input into the brain stem

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13
Q

the brainstem sends inputs directly to what

A

spinal cord

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14
Q

inputs from brainstem and where go into spinal cord then goes where

A

motor cortex

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15
Q

the spinal cord is linked to the cerebellum and basal ganglia in what way

A

indirectly

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16
Q

the cerebellum will use what to communicate with the spinal cord

A

brain stem

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17
Q

the cerebellum and basal ganglia uses what to relay back to the thalamus

A

cerebral cortex

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18
Q

the thalamus is a gateway for the cerebellum and basal nuclei input into where

A

cerebral cortex

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19
Q

cerebellum modulates what

A

outputs

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20
Q

how many spinal nerves are there

A

31

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21
Q

how many cervical spinal nerves

A

8

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22
Q

how many thoracic spinal nerves

A

12

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23
Q

how many lumbar spinal nerves

A

5

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24
Q

how many sacral spinal nerves are there

A

5

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25
Q

how many spinal nerves in the coccyx

A

1

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26
Q

what type of root is ventral

A

motor

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27
Q

what type of root is dorsal

A

sensory

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28
Q

what is grey matter

A

cell bodies of neurons

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29
Q

what is white matter

A

tracts that are myelinated axons

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30
Q

where does the sensory neurons in the spinal cord go

A

peripheries

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31
Q

what type of information does the dorsal ganglia receive from the dorsal horn and into the spinal cord

A

afferent / ascending

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32
Q

what are the 2 types of motor neuron

A

autonomic and somatic

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33
Q

what does somatic neurons do

A

innervates skeletal muscle

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34
Q

what does autonomic motor neurons do

A

innervates cardiac tissue and smooth muscle in airways and blood vessels

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35
Q

what does the anterior horn of spinal cord have

A

axons of motor neurons

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36
Q

where does sensory information come from

A

dorsal root

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37
Q
A
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37
Q

sensory information coming through the dorsal root can be what

A

somatic or autonomic

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38
Q

the type of neuron will determine what

A

what type of muscle is innervated - cardiac or skeletal

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39
Q

The corticospinal tract comes from where

A

primary motor cortex (top of brain)

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40
Q

the rubrospinal tract comes from where

A

mid brain - red nucleus

41
Q

reticulospinal tract comes from

A

pons and medulla

42
Q

vestibular spinal tract comes from where

A

vestibular nuclei

43
Q

the ascending tracts are what type of info

A

sensory as they coming to the brain

44
Q

what type of info is descending tract

A

motor as coming from brain to muscles to move

45
Q

what 2 tracts makeup lateral descending tract

A

cortico and rubro
R for lateRal

46
Q

what 2 tracts make up the medial descending tract

A

reticulo and vestibulo
O pair

47
Q

flexors somatotopy is where

A

medial section

48
Q

where are the extensors somatotopy

A

lateral

49
Q

what is the largest tract

A

corticospinal

50
Q

what is the main tract for descending

A

cortico

51
Q

indirect connections for corticospinal tract is known as what

A

bulbar

52
Q

what type of movement is cortico tract responsible for

A

voluntary

53
Q

what does the bulbar have connections to

A

brainstem

54
Q

the cortico has direct and indirect connections to what type of nueron

A

motor

55
Q

cortico has direct pathways of which aspects

A

lateral and anterior / ventral

56
Q

lateral corticospinal tract comes from which part of brain

A

motor cortex

57
Q

where does the lateral corticospinal tract send information to

A

spinal cord

58
Q

lateral corticospinal tract has alpha motor neurons to do what for movement

A

innervate skeletal muscles

59
Q

ventral corti is aka

A

anterior

60
Q

where does ventral corti from

A

motor cortex PG - perecental gyrus

61
Q

where does ventral corti go to

A

spinal cord

62
Q

proximal parts of limbs are related to which tract

A

ventral corti

63
Q

which muscles / part of the body does the lateral cortico innervate

A

distal limbs - hands and lower leg

64
Q

the more connections there are in the brain means

A

better dexterity

65
Q

can humans adapt spinal cord

A

no- bc of direct connections to spinal cord

66
Q

corticospinal tract has connections which helps control

A

fine movements

67
Q

what is the babisnki sign

A

stimulation of the bottom of the foot - using a pen - causing the foot to flex toes in response

68
Q

what happens when lack of babinski

A

shows damage/ lesions / abnormalities to the corticospinal tract

69
Q

what can stimulate motor cortex

A

electrical or magnetic stimulation

70
Q

what is safer electrical or magnetic stim

A

magnetic

71
Q

each part of the primary motor cortex has a part of what represented in the brain

A

the body

72
Q

what tract consists of the motor cortex and brain stem

A

corticobulbar

73
Q

what does the corticobulbar tract do

A

relay to the brainstem, control of breathing and terminates mainly on interneurons

74
Q

what are included in cranial nerves for corticobulbar tract

A

pons - facial expression and medulla - tongue

75
Q

the corticobulbar tract innervates interneurons and

A

cranial nerves

76
Q

what is the function of rubrospinal tract

A

voluntary control of muscle

77
Q

axons originating from where to cross the midline of ventral midbrain

A

red nucleus

78
Q

which tract can compensate for damage to the corticospinal tract

A

rubrospinal

79
Q

where does the reticulospinal tract originate from

A

reticular formation

80
Q

what are the 2 tracts of reticulospinal

A

lateral - medullary
medial - pontine

81
Q

reticular formation coordinates body functions for

A

survival

82
Q

where does the vestibulospinal tract originate

A

vestibular nuclei in pons medulla junction - VNP-MJ

83
Q

How many tracts are there in the vestibulospinal tract

A

2

84
Q

what are the 2 vestibulospinal tracts

A

lateral and medial

85
Q

what information is linked to the vestibulospinal

A

balance, posture and muscle tone

86
Q

what does the descending vestibulo tract innervate

A

neck msucles

87
Q

what does the ascending vestibulo spinal tract innervate

A

oculomotor nuclei - eye movements

88
Q

where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract come from

A

CMVN
Contralateral medial vestibular nuclei
pons medulla junction

89
Q

where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract descend through

A

ventral funiculus - VF CSC - cervical spinal cord -

90
Q

what part is the vestibulospinal cord coming from

A

lateral nucleus vestibular pons medulla junction

91
Q

where does the lateral vestibulo tract descend

A

whole spinal cord

92
Q

what information does the lateral vestibu. tract receive

A

inhibitory inputs from cerebellum

93
Q

medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce excitation of what muscles

A

extensors

94
Q

Medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce inhibition of what muscles

A

flexors

95
Q

what is the main role of vestbu. tract

A

maintaining posture and balance

96
Q

what 2 tracts control movement

A

cortico and rubro - laterals

97
Q

what 2 tracts control autonomic function, posture and balance,

A

medial recticulo and rubro

98
Q

what is the biggest tract

A

cortico

99
Q

cortico has high dexterity - t or f

A

t

Control of movement (15 decks)

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