Descending tracts Flashcards
what do the cerebellum and basal ganglia do
regulate motor output
what do basal nuclei do
assist in the initiation and termination of the movement
what is the basal ganglia
is a group of brain structures that help control movement , learning and emotions
what is the basal ganglia responsible for
emotions and learning , control movement
what is the thalamus involved with
sensory as well as motor functions of the brain
what is the common pathway for spinal cord for motor control
alpha motor neuron
what is the basic motor system
input from local circuit neurons within the spinal cord directly from the brainstem and moot cortex
what does the cerebellum and basal ganglia do
modulate motor output
what assists the initiation and termination of movement
basal nuclei
what assists the posture and movement coordination by detecting errors
cerebellum
what is the thalamus
a gateway for cerebellar and basal nuclei input to cerebral cortex
what does type of neuron does the spinal cord receive from brainstem and motor cortex
alpha for input into the brain stem
the brainstem sends inputs directly to what
spinal cord
inputs from brainstem and where go into spinal cord then goes where
motor cortex
the spinal cord is linked to the cerebellum and basal ganglia in what way
indirectly
the cerebellum will use what to communicate with the spinal cord
brain stem
the cerebellum and basal ganglia uses what to relay back to the thalamus
cerebral cortex
the thalamus is a gateway for the cerebellum and basal nuclei input into where
cerebral cortex
cerebellum modulates what
outputs
how many spinal nerves are there
31
how many cervical spinal nerves
8
how many thoracic spinal nerves
12
how many lumbar spinal nerves
5
how many sacral spinal nerves are there
5
how many spinal nerves in the coccyx
1
what type of root is ventral
motor
what type of root is dorsal
sensory
what is grey matter
cell bodies of neurons
what is white matter
tracts that are myelinated axons
where does the sensory neurons in the spinal cord go
peripheries
what type of information does the dorsal ganglia receive from the dorsal horn and into the spinal cord
afferent / ascending
what are the 2 types of motor neuron
autonomic and somatic
what does somatic neurons do
innervates skeletal muscle
what does autonomic motor neurons do
innervates cardiac tissue and smooth muscle in airways and blood vessels
what does the anterior horn of spinal cord have
axons of motor neurons
where does sensory information come from
dorsal root
sensory information coming through the dorsal root can be what
somatic or autonomic
the type of neuron will determine what
what type of muscle is innervated - cardiac or skeletal
The corticospinal tract comes from where
primary motor cortex (top of brain)
the rubrospinal tract comes from where
mid brain - red nucleus
reticulospinal tract comes from
pons and medulla
vestibular spinal tract comes from where
vestibular nuclei
the ascending tracts are what type of info
sensory as they coming to the brain
what type of info is descending tract
motor as coming from brain to muscles to move
what 2 tracts makeup lateral descending tract
cortico and rubro
R for lateRal
what 2 tracts make up the medial descending tract
reticulo and vestibulo
O pair
flexors somatotopy is where
medial section
where are the extensors somatotopy
lateral
what is the largest tract
corticospinal
what is the main tract for descending
cortico
indirect connections for corticospinal tract is known as what
bulbar
what type of movement is cortico tract responsible for
voluntary
what does the bulbar have connections to
brainstem
the cortico has direct and indirect connections to what type of nueron
motor
cortico has direct pathways of which aspects
lateral and anterior / ventral
lateral corticospinal tract comes from which part of brain
motor cortex
where does the lateral corticospinal tract send information to
spinal cord
lateral corticospinal tract has alpha motor neurons to do what for movement
innervate skeletal muscles
ventral corti is aka
anterior
where does ventral corti from
motor cortex PG - perecental gyrus
where does ventral corti go to
spinal cord
proximal parts of limbs are related to which tract
ventral corti
which muscles / part of the body does the lateral cortico innervate
distal limbs - hands and lower leg
the more connections there are in the brain means
better dexterity
can humans adapt spinal cord
no- bc of direct connections to spinal cord
corticospinal tract has connections which helps control
fine movements
what is the babisnki sign
stimulation of the bottom of the foot - using a pen - causing the foot to flex toes in response
what happens when lack of babinski
shows damage/ lesions / abnormalities to the corticospinal tract
what can stimulate motor cortex
electrical or magnetic stimulation
what is safer electrical or magnetic stim
magnetic
each part of the primary motor cortex has a part of what represented in the brain
the body
what tract consists of the motor cortex and brain stem
corticobulbar
what does the corticobulbar tract do
relay to the brainstem, control of breathing and terminates mainly on interneurons
what are included in cranial nerves for corticobulbar tract
pons - facial expression and medulla - tongue
the corticobulbar tract innervates interneurons and
cranial nerves
what is the function of rubrospinal tract
voluntary control of muscle
axons originating from where to cross the midline of ventral midbrain
red nucleus
which tract can compensate for damage to the corticospinal tract
rubrospinal
where does the reticulospinal tract originate from
reticular formation
what are the 2 tracts of reticulospinal
lateral - medullary
medial - pontine
reticular formation coordinates body functions for
survival
where does the vestibulospinal tract originate
vestibular nuclei in pons medulla junction - VNP-MJ
How many tracts are there in the vestibulospinal tract
2
what are the 2 vestibulospinal tracts
lateral and medial
what information is linked to the vestibulospinal
balance, posture and muscle tone
what does the descending vestibulo tract innervate
neck msucles
what does the ascending vestibulo spinal tract innervate
oculomotor nuclei - eye movements
where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract come from
CMVN
Contralateral medial vestibular nuclei
pons medulla junction
where does the medial vestibulo spinal tract descend through
ventral funiculus - VF CSC - cervical spinal cord -
what part is the vestibulospinal cord coming from
lateral nucleus vestibular pons medulla junction
where does the lateral vestibulo tract descend
whole spinal cord
what information does the lateral vestibu. tract receive
inhibitory inputs from cerebellum
medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce excitation of what muscles
extensors
Medial and lateral tracts vestibu. produce inhibition of what muscles
flexors
what is the main role of vestbu. tract
maintaining posture and balance
what 2 tracts control movement
cortico and rubro - laterals
what 2 tracts control autonomic function, posture and balance,
medial recticulo and rubro
what is the biggest tract
cortico
cortico has high dexterity - t or f
t
