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Control of movement > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

how many lobes in the cerebullum

A

3

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2
Q

what are the 3 lobes in the cerebellum

A

anterior, posterior, and flocculondoular

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3
Q

What are the 4 rules of 3 in the cerebellum

A

3 functional subdivisions, 3 pairs of peduncles, 3 pairs of deep nuclei and 3 cortical layers

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4
Q

what are the 4 functions of cerebullum

A

Movement coordination, maintenance of posture, maintenance of muscle tone and balance, motor learning

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5
Q

what percentage of neurones in the cerebellum

A

80%

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6
Q

where is the cerebellum situated

A

posterior brainstem

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7
Q

what does the cerebellum integrate

A

sensory input and motor outputs making it an ideal location for motor learning

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8
Q

damage to the cerebellum causes..

A

severe movement disruption but not complete movement abolition-

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9
Q

what is axtia

A

abnormal execution of multi jointed voluntary movements (n lack of coordination)

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10
Q

what can axtia be caused by

A

stroke, multiple sclerosis and tumor/ brain damage

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11
Q

what are the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

denate, interposed and fastigial nucleus

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11
Q

what is a penduncle

A

a large bundle of neurons that are in the shape of a stalk

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11
Q

What are the 3 cerebullar penduncies

A

superior, middle and inferior

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11
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar cortex

A

cerebrocerebellum, spinocerebellum, vestiobulocerebellum

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11
Q

the cerebellum is connected to the what aspect of the brain stem

A

dorsal

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11
Q

the cerebellum is connected to the dorsal brainstem by what

A

3 symmetrical pairs of peduncles

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12
Q

state the 2 facts about the superior peduncle

A

no input and output to motor cortex - via thalamus and red nucleus

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13
Q

state 2 facts about middle peduncle

A

no outputs, inputs from motor cortex via pons.

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14
Q

state 2 facts for inferior peduncle

A

inputs from the inferior olivary nucleus, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei, outputs to reticular formation - brainstem, spinal cord, and vestibular nuclei.

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15
Q

what does the cerebellar cortex do

A

integrates inputs from the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord and regulates motor outputs.

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16
Q

what are the 2 inputs for cerebrocerebellum

A

pons, from motor cortex - via thalamus
inferior olive, motor c. and via red nucleus and spinal cord

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17
Q

what is the output for cerebrocerebellum

A

denate nucleus , to motor c. via thaalmus

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18
Q

what does the corocerebellum do

A

involved in motor planning and projects to and from the cerebral, (motor cortex)

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19
Q

cerebrocereebllum is the what hemisphere

A

lateral ( located on the bottom)

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20
Q

what 2 parts comprise the spinocerebellum

A

vermis and intermediate cortex

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21
Q

what does the spinocerebellar do

A

regulates body and limb movements

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22
Q

what are the 2 input for spinocerebellum

A

vermis - head and trunk and intermediate cortex - limbs

23
Q

where is the spinocerebellar located in the cerebellar cortex

A

at the top

24
Q

what are the 2 inputs for the spinocerebellum

A

Vermis - [spinal cord carrying sensory info. from trunk and head
intermediate cortex - spinal cord carrying sensory info. from limbs

25
Q

what are the 4 out puts for spinocerebellum

A

vermis - fastigial nucleus to medial descending tracts - reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts and motor execution
intermediate cortex- motor planning and lateral descending tracts of corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts

26
Q

what is the output for vestibulocerebellum?

A

vestibular nucleus to axial and proximal muscles - limb extensors and head and eye muscles

27
Q

what is the input for vestibulocerebellum

A

vestibular nucleus from semicircular canals and otolith organs

28
Q

what is the other name for vestiobulocerebellum

A

flocculondular lobe

29
Q

what does the vestiobulocerebellum do

A

regulates balance and eye movements

30
Q

what are the 3 deep cerebellar nuclei

A

fastigial, denate and interposed

31
Q

where is denate nuclei located

A

cerebrocerebellum

32
Q

where is the deep interposed nuclei located

A

intermediate cortex

33
Q

where is the fastigial deep nuclei located

A

vermis in spinocerebellum

34
Q

what is the output for fastigial deep nuclei

A

to the reticular formation and vestibular nucleus via inferior peduncle

35
Q

what is the output for denate deep nuclei

A

motor cortex via superior peduncle and thalamus

36
Q

what is the output for the interposed deep nuclei

A

red nucleus via superior peduncle

37
Q

where does the cerebellar cortex receive input from (3)

A

pontine nuclei, inferior olive (climbing fibers only ) spinal cord and vestibular nuclei.

38
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar cortex outputs

A

cerebrocerebellum - denate nucleus
spinocerebellum - interposed and fastigial nuclei
vestiobulocerebellum- vestibular nuclei

39
Q

what is the 3 points of out puts for cerebrocerebellum

A

cerebrocerebellum - denate nucleus - premotor cortex - motor planning

40
Q

what are the 3 points of outputs ofr spinocerebellum

A

spinocerebellum - interposed and fastigial nuclei

41
Q

what are the 3 ouputs for vestiobulocerebellum

A

vestiobulocerebellum- vestibular nuclei- neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem (balance and vestibulo-ocular regulation)

42
Q

what are the 5 elements in cerebellar circuitry

A

mossy fibers, granule cells, climbing fibers, Purkinje cells and parallel fibres

43
Q

how many layer re there in the cerebellar circuitry

A

3

44
Q

what are the 3 layers in the cerebellar circuity

A

granule, Purkinje and molecular

45
Q

what layer in the cerebellar circuity is deep to superficial

A

deepest is granule layer and most superficial is molecular

46
Q

what type of fibres crosses a purkinje cell

A

parallel fibres

47
Q

dendrite receive afferent information from what 2 fibres

A

climbing and parallel

48
Q

what is the output of purkinje cells

A

deep cerebellar nuclei

49
Q

what is the ratio of input for purkinje cells

A

40:1 input to output

50
Q

what is the function of purkinje cells

A

release a NT called GABA, which inhibits neurons and reduces transmission of nerve impulses - they control/ coordinate and regulate movement —– inhibit

51
Q

what are mossy fibres

A

primary neurons that carry information into cerebellum
can activate granule cells and cerebellum nuclei

52
Q

granule cells attach to what type of fibre

A

parallel fibres

53
Q

after the granule cell and parallel fibres attach, what occurs

A

they synapse with dendrites of Purkinje cells

54
Q

what occurs when the Purkinje fibres are activated

A

inhibit cerebellar nuclei which modulates motor output

55
Q

the climbing fibre does what

A

excites the Purkinje cells directly
(can sense signals to elicit learning)

56
Q

the eye blink response is an example of what

A

cerebellum sensorimotor learning

57
Q

what are major inputs via

A

mossy and climbing fibres

58
Q

cerebellum receives inputs from where

A

the brainstem and spinal cord

59
Q

cerebellum outputs go where

A

thalamus and brainstem

60
Q

climbing fibre activation leads to what

A

learning by changing Purkinje cell response to mossy fibre input

61
Q
A

Control of movement (15 decks)

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