Pig 3- Enteric Disease-Impt for PM Flashcards
What is the most common pathogen causing Enteric colibacillosis
E.coli
Clinical sign on enteric colibacillosis
Piglets
Affected piglets stand alone
Hunched backs and drooping tails
Watery diarrhoea
Dehydration (sunken eyes, prominent backbones)
Recovery or death following coma
What is the most common PM finding of enteric colibacillosis
Dehydration and watery fluid filled intestines
Liver dark
Dx of enteric colibacillosis
PM
PCR/ELISA of Ecoli from small intestine
Tx of enteric colibacillosis
Treat orally or parenterally with antimicrobials
Spectinomycin
Support with heat and electrolytes
Control of colibacillosis
Vaccination of the sow Containing F4 (K88), F5 (K99) and F6 (987P) with LT if possible
Ensure vaccine administered at correct time
Ensure colostrum taken – particularly where high prolificacy
Ensure hygiene and warm conditions
Ensure that piglets have clean water
Breeding stock with inherent resistance to F4 (K88)
What disease fits this description
Widespread
1-3 days post-weaning
Watery diarrhoea often grey/ brown in colour
Piglets may die from dehydration, recover or remain stunted but usually<10% of affected pigs
Dehydration obvious
Post Weaning E.coli diarrhoea
Prevention of post weaning ecoli diarrhoea
Ensure good creep intakes from 7 days of age in farrowing
Provide highly digestible diets
Reduce crude protein
Use of feed or water additives such as organic acids, beta glucans, probiotics
Future use of Bacteriophages
Maintain correct temperature and hygiene
Medication of water for 1 week or feed for 2 weeks only where management changes have not been able to control
Animals are susceptible to clostridial disease when (3 things)
- They have not had sufficient specific antibody in colostrum or it has declined and there is no active immunity
- When milk is withdrawn
- When the gut wall has been disrupted and the immune system cannot protect
Most prevalent type of clostridium
Clostridium Perfringens type C
C/S of clostridium type c
Outbreak, affects several litters
36-48 hours after birth
Pass bloody faeces, but may die suddenly
Mildly affected may lose condition and have diarrhoea containing necrotic material
DX of clostridium type c
Reddened intestines post mortem
C. perfringens in smears or culture
Preformed B toxin detectable via ELISA
Toxin gene detected using PCR
Tx and prevention of Clostridium type c
Treatment of developed disease not effective because of damaged epithelium.
Oral or parenteral antimicrobial (especially amoxycillin) may be of value in prevention.
Vaccines made from toxoid/killed culture and aluminium adjuvants given to sows pre farrowing to provide protective colostrum
Which type of clostridium affects neonates more
Type A
Creamy pink diarrhoea is caused by which clostridium
Type A
Tx and control for Type A clostridium
Parenteral penicillins can help - oral amoxicillin
a-toxin vaccines protect through colostrum.
Hygiene improvements to reduce challenge
Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis (PIA) is also known as
Proliferative enteropathy
What is PIA
Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis An infectious bacterial condition of weaned pigs leading to reduced/ uneven growth and raised Feed conversion ratio
Porcine Intestinal Adenomatosis (PIA)/Proliferative enteropathy is caused by which bacteria
Lawsonia intracellularis
CX of PIA
Any age from weaning to adult
Incubation period of 3-6 weeks
Lasts 4-6 weeks, typically a ‘rolling infection’
Pale pigs, poor growth, anaemic, melaena
May be grey ‘cowpat’ faeces
Recover, die or may remain stunted
DX of PIA
PM-In regional ileitis the mucosa is eroded with muscular hypertrophy
PCR (RT & Quantitative)
Culture
ELISA – blood
Silver staining of tissue
TX of PIA
Tetracycline or tiamulin parenterally for seriously affected animals or in drinking water for 5 days if less acute
Prevention of PIA
Live oral vaccine ‘Enterisol’ (Boehringer) given from 3 weeks of age. Antimicrobials should NOT be given for three days before or after vaccination
Swine dysentery only affects which part of the GI?
Large intestine
Swine dysentery is caused by what kind of bacteria
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
C/S of swine dysentery
Incubation period 6-14 days
Animals thin
Fresh blood and mucus in diarrhoea
Afebrile
Recover after 2-3 weeks
Up to 25% mortality
Morbidity up to 75%
Chronic loss of condition
Immunity slow to develop
PM finding of swine dysentery
Carcase dehydrated and often poor condition
Large intestine flaccid, thin walled and may show serosal evidence of inflammation
Contents fluid with blood and mucus
Mucosa covered with surface blood, necrotic debris and mucus
Inflamed mucosa contains Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Tx of Swine dysentery
Tiamulin (antibiotic)
Parenteral for severely-affected pigs, water medication and then feed for groups
Treat all pigs in drainage contact
May require repeated pulses
Disinfect after treatment
Control of Swine Dysentery
Slats and solid partitions reduce spread
Treat batches into clean accommodation
Eradicate by full or partial depopulation
Isolation prevents entry
Elimination of Swine Dysentery From a Farrow to Finish Farm
Full depopulation/ repopulation may be required (depending on concurrent disease)
Partial Depopulation sufficient for SD on its own
Look at biosecurity of unit
Requires a population with stable immunity
Usually carried out in Summer (benefit of UV light)
Remove all weaned pigs up to 10 months of age
Medicate the remaining breeding herd and suckling pigs at high dose rates for at least 6 wks
Wean off site during depop
In investigating enteric diseases in pigs, what samples should be given to PM
- Whole carcases/ live pigs would be the preferred sample
- Pooled faecal samples for PCR and culture would be appropriate
- Serology can be carried out for Salmonellosis or Lawsonia but exposure does not confirm cause of clinical disease
