Adult sheep: Sudden death and ill-thrift- Impt for PM

Question 1

Main differential diagnosis for sudden death

Answer 1

1. Pasteurellosis – Pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica (407) or Pasteurella multocida (48), non-respiratory pasteurellosis (81), systemic pasteurellosis due to B. trehalosi (125)
2. Parasitic disease (acute fluke (283), Haemonchus contortus (183))
3. Poisoning (copper (253) and plants (80))
4. Clostridial diseases (vaccination)

Question 2

Typical PM finding of Pneumonia Pasteurella

Answer 2

bronchopneumonia, so affecting the cranioventral lung lobes, with fluid and fibrin accumulation within the thorax. Where longer standing disease occurs fibrous adhesions and abscesses form.

Question 3

Typical PM finding of systemic pasteurella

Answer 3

ecchymotic haemorrhages on the parietal pleura of the thorax and pulmonary oedema affecting the lungs

Question 4

2 most common parasitic disease

Answer 4

1. Liver fluke- Fasciola Hepatica
2. Haemonchus contortus

Question 5

Typical PM finding of acute liver fluke

Answer 5

diffusely pale liver that contains haemorrhagic tracts, accumulation of clotted blood in the cranial abdomen that has originated from the damaged liver.

Question 6

Season of which sudden death of acute liver fluke

Answer 6

Seasonal (late summer/autumn)

Question 7

Season of which sudden death of Haemonchus contortus

Answer 7

Late summer

Question 8

Most common poisoning in sheep

Answer 8

Copper

Question 9

Describe urine sample of sheep with copper poisoning

Answer 9

intense haemoglobinuria due to haemolysis

Question 10

Describe colouration of the conjunctiva of sheep with copper poisoning

Answer 10

distinct yellow colouration of the conjunctiva consistent with icterus.

Question 11

Typical PM finding of copper poisoning (Acute and Chronic)

Answer 11

Acute-Gastrointestinal ulceration
Chronic (cumulative)- Icterus, yellow/orange liver, dark red/black kidneys, haemoglobinuria
Kidney Cu concentration

Question 12

Most common clostridial disease

Answer 12

lostridium perfringens type D enterotoxaemia aka “pulpy kidney” is the most common

Question 13

Black disease is caused by what

Answer 13

Clostridium novyi type B

Question 14

Big head disease in rams is caused by

Answer 14

caused by a range of clostridial species including Clostridium novyi type A

Question 15

Braxy disease is caused by

Answer 15

C. septicum

Question 16

Black leg disease is caused by

Answer 16

C. chauvoei

Question 17

4 main groups of causes that leads to ill thrift

Answer 17

1. Inadequate nutrition
2. Parasites
3. Infectious disease
4. Scrapie

Question 18

Most common cause of ill thrift

Answer 18

Inadequate nutrition

Question 19

What is scrapie

Answer 19

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalitis

Question 20

Difference in clinical sign in sheep and cattle of Ovine Johne’s disease

Answer 20

The lack of the watery diarrhea, which is the major clinical sign in cattle, in sheep the main clinical sign of Johne’s is just severe weight loss. Other signs include submandibular oedema (bottle jaw) due to hypoprotenemia in the late stages of disease and wool break.