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Sports Nutrition > Physiology Of Exercise > Flashcards

Physiology Of Exercise Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Term used to describe a muscle cell

A

Muscle fiber

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2
Q

A single nerve and group of muscle fibers it innervates is

A

Motor unit

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3
Q

What does each muscle cell contain

A

Organelles
Mitochondria
Myofibrils

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4
Q

What are sarcomeres?

A

Functional unit of the myofibril
Responsible for contractile properties of the muscle

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5
Q

Describe type i fibers

A

Slow twitch
High level of aerobic endurance

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6
Q

What activities are type i fibers used in?

A

ADLs
Walking
Low intensity endurance events - biking or jogging

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7
Q

Describe type II fibers

A

Fast twitch
Poor endurance capacity
Work better anaerobically

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8
Q

What activities entail type IIa fibers?

A

Higher intensity events of short duration

Half mile run
Strength training workout

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9
Q

What activities entail type IIx fibers?

A

Explosive activities

50 meter dash
Weightlifting

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10
Q

Functions of the cardiorespiratory system

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to working muscles
Remove metabolic waste products and CO2
Transporting hormones
Assisting in thermoregulation
Fluid balance
Maintaining acid-base balance

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11
Q

Normal range for heart rate

A

60-100 bpm

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12
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood pumped during one heartbeat

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13
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Total volume of blood pumped from one heartbeat

Heart rate X stroke volume

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14
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

Maximal oxygen uptake

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15
Q

Which is more important, lung gas exchange or glycogen availability?

A

Glycogen availability

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16
Q

Percentage of protein used in body’s energy needs

A

5-10%

17
Q

Maximal amount of carbs (as kcal) that can be stored in the body

A

1600-2500 kcal

18
Q

What is the fastest way to generate ATP?

A

ATP CP cycle

Due to limited supplies it only lasts up to 10 seconds

19
Q

What is the biologically usable form of energy?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

20
Q

What are the 3 basic metabolic pathways to rephosphorylize ADP?

A

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Phosphocreatine pathway

21
Q

What amino acids can synthesize creatine?

A

Methionine

Arginine

Glycine

22
Q

How does the ATP PC pathway work?

A

A creatine kinase enzyme separates the phosphate from phosphocreatine and attaches itself to ADP forming ATP

23
Q

What two energy systems are used in the first few minutes of exercise?

A

ATP-PC system

Anaerobic glycolysis

24
Q

Another name for aerobic glycolysis

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

25
Q

What two pathways does aerobic glycolysis use?

A

Krebs Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

26
Q

How many ATP can be generated via carbs or fat?

A

Carbs - 32

Fat - 106

27
Q

Drawbacks to using fat as a fuel source regarding ATP

A

Slow process

Can only be generated aerobically (with oxygen)

28
Q

Possible causes of short term fatigue

A

Accumulation of metabolic products such as inorganic phosphate and lactate

Depletion of creatine phosphate

Changes in cellular calcium

29
Q

What 2 reputable places can you find credentialed exercise professionals?

A

ACSM ProFinder

USREPS (US Registry of Exercise Professionals)

30
Q

What is a MET?

A

Metabolic Equivalent

Ratio of the rate of energy expended during exercise compared to the rate of energy expended during rest

31
Q

What are the ranges for light, moderate, and vigorous intensity METs

A

Light - 1.1 - 2.9

Moderate - 3.0 - 5.9
Walking 3.3 mph

Vigorous - greater than or equal to 6
Running a 10 minute mile

32
Q

What is short term or metabolic fatigue due to?

A

Reliance on anaerobic metabolism

Build up of lactate

33
Q

What is long term or substrate fatigue due to?

A

Glycogen depletion

“Hitting the wall” or “bonking”

34
Q

What is the equation for VO2 max

A

mL X kg-1 X min-1

35
Q

How to calculate maximum heart

A

208 - 0.7(age)

Sports Nutrition (33 decks)

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