Disordered Eating In Athletes Flashcards
Define eating disorder
A potentially life threatening mental illness that can have long standing adverse consequences on the individual’s psychosocial and physical health and reduces quality of life
What is the most common eating disorder in the United States
Binge eating disorder
Does avoidance of exercise or excessive exercise alone qualify as an eating disorder
No
List criteria for exercise addiction
Continued exercise regardless of physical injury, psychological, or social consequences
Related to intrinsic rewards and rewards experience disturbing sensations of deprivation
List self report instruments for identifying eating disorders and are they reliable in athletic populations
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)
Eating Disorder inventory (EDI)
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire
Bulimia Test Revised (BUILT-R)
Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q)
They likely underestimate prevalence and have not been validated in an athletic population
What sports have the highest level of eating disorders in males and females
Males: weight dependent sports
Females: endurance sports
Undernutrition refers to what
Deficiency of energy
Deficit of one or more essential nutrients
Low energy availability
Degenerative changes in lean tissue lead to
Compromises in the heart
Reduced erythropoiesis
Immune system depression
Impaired capacity of the liver to metabolize drugs and other toxic substances
Severe energy deficit diets may lead to
Elevated ALT and AST
Fatal hypoglycemia
Estrogen and testosterone deficiency in men and women, respectively
Muscle fiber atrophy and weakness
The neuromuscular system (brain, spinal cord, and nerves) is the most significantly affected in severe AN
What is the most common cardiovascular symptom of anorexia nervosa
Bradycardia
What is superior mesenteric artery syndrome
Partial blockage of the upper bowel caused by loss of the fatty tissue that normally serves as a pad between the gut and the superior mesenteric artery and aorta
What should be done if menstruation ceases due to an ED
Restore nutrition and maintaining body weight at a health range (may need to gain slightly more to restore menses)
What does body dysmorphic disorder fall under
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Why may those engaging in DE behavior experience an initial increase in performance
Starvation and purging produce an upregulation of the fight or flight response (hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis)
Increase adrenal hormones (cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine) which may mask fatigue and evoke feeling of euphoria
Decrease in body weight may enhance VO2 max and make one feel lighter
List issues that manifest from chronic vomiting
Dehydration
Electrolyte abnormalities
Increased risk of anemia due to GI blood loss
What is recognized as one of the gold standard instruments used in the validation of eating disorder screening tools
Eating Disorder Examination Interview
List self report surveys more appropriate for screening ED and DE in athletes
Survey of Eating Disorders among Athletes (SEDA)
Female Athlete Screening Tool (FAST)
BUILT-R
Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDA-Q)
Athletic Milieu Direct Questionnaire (AMDQ)
List screening tools to identify maladaptive exercise
Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire (OEQ)
Exercise Dependence Scale (EDS)
Frequency, Intensity, Time Index Scale (FIT)
What eating disorders does CBT best address
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
What is the leading evidence based treatment for adults with ED
Cognitive behavior therapy
Explain CBT, DBT, and ACT
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) - focus on managing self defeating thought patterns and engage in planned strategies that lead to healthful, recovery oriented behavioral patterns
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) - learn rational thinking and decision making skills that allow individuals to move beyond black and white thinking to develop coping strategies for perceived crises
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - teaches recognition and tolerance of negative thoughts and feelings in an effort to live a better life in the face of distress accepting pain as a normal part of living
Low serum phosphorus may cause
Muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis)
Blood cell dysfunction
Respiratory failure
Seizure
Cardiac arrest
What labs are low prior to feeding in those with eating disorders
Potassium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
List criteria for red, yellow, and green lights for returning to training for those with an ED
Red light - ED diagnosis, serious psychological or physiological condition, engagement in extreme dieting, bradycardia
Yellow light - maintaining an abnormally low body fat for an extended period of time, 5-10% loss of body weight in a month, interrupted growth and development, LEA, low bone density, abnormal menstruation, and stress fractures due to hormonal abnormality or LEA
Green light - engage in health promoting behaviors, maintain healthy weight
List categories of RED-S
Impaired physiological functioning caused by relative energy deficiency
Metabolic rate
Menstrual function
Bone health
Immunity
Protein synthesis
Cardiovascular health
Nutrition intervention following RED-S diagnosis
Individualized energy needs
20-30% greater than baseline needs
Macros - start with general recommendations
Intakes of vitamin D, iron, and calcium may be low
The DSM V includes what eating disorders
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Pica
Health risks of eating disorders
Undernutrition
Over nutrition
Cardiovascular consequences
Gastrointestinal consequences
Reproductive consequences
