Physiology long exam feedback (2017 - with picture)

Question 1

Match the lettered option above that best describes the status of the fluid compartments in the following conditions (should not repeat letter option)

1. Massive blood loss without fluid replacement
2. Infusion of isotonic solution in a normal person
3. Infusion of the hypertonic solution for a person who lost mostly water in the form of sweat
4. Replacement of hypotonic solution for massive diarrhea

Answer 1

1. A – Isotonic volume contraction in ECF
2. C – isotonic volume expansion of E
3. D – ECF volume will increase with increased osmolality and the intracellular osmolality will increase with decrease in volume
4. E – ECF volume will expand but osmolality will decrease

Question 2

Choose from the labeled diagrams which best describes the renal handling of the following substances (may repeat letter option)

1. Para amino hippuric acid
2. Glucose less than 180 mg/dl
3. Inulin
4. Penicillin metabolites
5. Urea
6. Amino acids

Answer 2

1. A
2. C
3. D – filtered not reabsorbed
4. A
5. B
6. C

Question 3

Choose from the labelled diagram which is described by the items listed below (should NOT repeat letter options)

1. Tubular fluid is hypertonic
2. Tubular fluid is isotonic
3. Tubular fluid is hypotonic
4. Site of action of aldosterone
5. Where renin is released

Answer 3

1. B – descending loop of Henle, only water is reabsorbed
2. A – tubular is like plasma
3. C – only solute is reabsorbed here
4. D – aldosterone works here
5. E – released from the JG cells not labeled