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Betamax > Physiology 4th LE 2014 (w/o laboratory) > Flashcards

Physiology 4th LE 2014 (w/o laboratory) Flashcards

1
Q

Pacemaker cells that produce slow waves are located in the:

a. Submucosal area
b. Between muscle layers
c. Serosal connective tissue
d. Muscularis mucosae

A

B

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2
Q

Slow waves:

a. Are occasionally initiated by Motilin
b. Produce regular membrane depolarizations
c. Consistently produce spike potentials
d. Open voltage-gated sodium channels

A

B

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3
Q

Hormone producing sensation of hunger:

a. GLP-1
b. Leptin
c. Amylin
d. Ghrelin

A

D

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4
Q

Chewing:

a. Is initiated when food touches the people
b. Has no voluntary component
c. Reflex center is in the pons
d. Reflex ends when the mouth closes

A

C

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5
Q

Increases LES pressure:

a. Protein
b. Chocolates
c. Ethanol
d. Fat

A

A

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6
Q

Not part of normal saliva composition

a. Muraminidase
b. Peptidase
c. Kallikrein
d. Secretory IgA

A

B

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7
Q

Component of receptive relaxation:

a. Increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone
b. Esophageal innervation by thoracic spinal nerves
c. Contraction of fundus
d. Secretion of VIP and NO at LES

A

D

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8
Q

Increases contraction of the stomach:

a. Acidic food
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Gastrin
d. Fatty food

A

c

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9
Q

Increases gastric mucous and bicarbonate secretion:

a. Epinephrine secretion
b. Smoking
c. Mefenamic acid
d. Mucosal irritation

A

D

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10
Q

Brush border enzyme:

a. Amylase
b. Elastase
c. Isomaltase
d. Carboxypeptidase

A

C

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11
Q

Intestinal villi increases surface area by ___ times compared to a smooth area.

a. 3
b. 6
c. 10
d. 20

A

C

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12
Q

Increases gastric acid secretion:

a. Emotional upset
b. Caffeine
c. Duodenal distension
d. Secretion

A

B

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13
Q

The chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the:

a. Medulla
b. Cerebral cortex
c. 3rd ventricle
d. 4th ventricle

A

D

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14
Q

What phase of the interdigestive motor cycle produces maximum gastrointestinal contractions?

a. I
b. II
c. III
d. IV

A

C

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15
Q

What reflex results in an increase in gastric emptying?

a. Gastroileal
b. Anointestinal
c. Ileogastric
d. Intestinointestinal

A

A

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16
Q

Hormone decreasing gastric acid secretion:

a. Gastrin
b. Secretin
c. Cholecystokynin
d. Enterooxyntin

A

B

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17
Q

Hormone increasing intestinal electrolyte secretion:

a. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
b. Neurotensin
c. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
d. Somatostatin

A

A

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18
Q

Mainly increases pancreatic enzyme secretion:

a. Gastric distension
b. Vagal stimulation
c. Acidic chime
d. Intestinal long chain fatty acids

A

D

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19
Q

Bile acid generally excreted in the feces:

a. Cholic
b. Lithocolic
c. Deoxycholic
d. Chenodeoxycholic

A

B

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20
Q

Main site of bile acid reabsorption:

a. Jejunum
b. Ileum
c. Proximal colon
d. Rectum

A

B

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21
Q

A noncarbohydrate dietary fiber

a. Lignin
b. Pectin
c. Hemnicellulose
d. Mucilages

A

A

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22
Q

Digestion of lactose will produce:

a. Glucose + glucose
b. Sucrose + galactose
c. Glucose + fructose
d. Glucose + galactose

A

D

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23
Q

Oligosaccharide found in legumes that are not digested by humans:

a. Trehalose
b. Raffinose
c. Hemicellulose
d. Maltose

A

B

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24
Q

Transport of galactose and amino acids into the enterocyte:

a. Facilitated diffusion
b. Primary active transport
c. Secondary active transport
d. A and B only

A

C

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25
Q

Medium-chain saturated oil:

a. Fish
b. Olive
c. Coconut
d. Corn

A

C

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26
Q

Lipid digestion product not incorporated into chylomicrons:

a. Cholesterol
b. Glycerol
c. Monoglyceride
d. Fatty acid

A

B

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27
Q

Activated by enterokinase:

a. Procolipase
b. Pepsinogen
c. Trypsinogen
d. Kallikreinogen

A

C

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28
Q

If BMI is 25.3, nutrition status is:

a. Normal
b. Overweight
c. Obesity grade I
d. Obesity grade II

A

B

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29
Q

A trace mineral, not a major dietary requirement:

a. Phosphorus
b. Iron
c. Calcium
d. Magnesium

A

B

30
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = caffeine intake
Y = LES pressure
A

B

31
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = stretching of antrum
Y = gastric motility
A

A

32
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = HCI secretion
Y = protein digestion in stomach
A

A

33
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = somatostatin secretion
Y = intragastric pH
A

A

34
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = puborectalis muscle contraction
Y = fecal continence
A

A

35
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = somatostatin secretion
Y = intestinal absorption of amino acids and triglycerides
A

B

36
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = bile acids in portal circulation
Y = bile acid synthesis in hepatocytes
A

B

37
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = carbohydrate digestion and absorption
Y = ketogenesis
A

B

38
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is inversely related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = cholecystokinin
Y = appetite
A

B

39
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Localized contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles
X = Auerbach’s plexus
Y = Meissner’s plexus

A

A

40
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Interstitial cells of cajal
X = small intestine
Y = colon

A

C

41
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Migrating myoelectric complex
X = motilin
Y = oxyntomodulin

A

A

42
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Loss of nitric oxide and VIP secreting neurons
X = achalasia
Y = gastroesophageal reflux

A

A

43
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Active potassium secretion
X = salivary gland
Y = colon

A

C

44
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Mass peristalsis
X = small intestine
Y = large intestine

A

B

45
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Cholecystokinin
X = gallbladder contraction
Y = pancreatic enzyme secretion

A

C

46
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Colipase
X = pancreas
Y = gallbladder

A

A

47
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Cytosolic enzymes to further digest nutrients
X = carbohydrate digestion
Y = protein digestion

A

B

48
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Absorbed by enterocytes using co-transport carriers on membrane
X = carbohydrates
Y = proteins

A

C

49
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Metabolic acidosis
X = vomiting
Y = diarrhea

A

B

50
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Intestinal gas
X = carbohydrate maldigestion
Y = protein maldigestion

A

A

51
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is related to the statement
B if Y is related to The statement
C if Both X and Y are related to the statement

Apoprotein B
X = chylomicrons
Y = micelles

A

A

52
Q

True or false

  1. The colon is innervates by both the vagus and the pelvic nerves.
  2. There is no sympathetic stimulation to the liver.
  3. Scleroderma eventually results in the development of achalasia.
  4. Pancreatic proteases aid in the processing of brush border enzymes for carbohydrate digestion.
  5. Plant proteins are less digestible than animal proteins
  6. An acidic pH does not interfere with lipid digestion
  7. Absorption of chloride from the intestines simply follows the electrochemical gradient established by sodium
A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. A
  6. B
  7. A
53
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = afferent arteriolar constriction
Y = GFR
A

B

54
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = hypervolemia
Y = ANF release
A

A

55
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = dehydration
Y = rennin secretion
A

A

56
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X= aldosterone
Y = K excretion
A

A

57
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = prostaglandin (PGE¬¬¬2/PGI1)
Y = contaction of mesangial cells
A

C

58
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = sympathetic nerve stimulation
Y = rennin release
A

A

59
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = tubular osmolarity
Y = K secretion
A

C

60
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = plasma protein levels
Y = edemea formation
A

B

61
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = NaCl reabsorption
Y = blood pressure
A

A

62
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = distal tubular obstruction
Y = GFR
A

B

63
Q

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
A if X is directly related to Y
B if X is indirectly related to Y
C if X has no relation to Y

X = ECF pH
Y = NH4+ production/ synthesis and excretion
A

B

64
Q

A 16 year old female was braoght to the ER because she was disturbed by some bad news about her boyfriend. At the ER her vital signs are normal but were hyperventilating.
What is the primary problem of this patient?
A. High pH
C. High HCO3
B. Low H+ ion
D. Low pCO2

A

D

65
Q

A 16 year old female was braoght to the ER because she was disturbed by some bad news about her boyfriend. At the ER her vital signs are normal but were hyperventilating.
Which of he following is a renal hormone?
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. renin
D. angiotensin

A

C

66
Q

A 16 year old female was braoght to the ER because she was disturbed by some bad news about her boyfriend. At the ER her vital signs are normal but were hyperventilating.
Which will NOT stimulate the secretion of the above answer?
A. Sympathetic nerve stimulation
B. Angiotensin stimulation
C. a decrease in NaCl
D. a decrease in BP

A

B

67
Q

An increase in the plasma concentration of inulin will do what to its clearance
A. increase
B. Decrease
C. no change

A

C

68
Q

The clearance of substance A is less than that of inulin. Which is not a possible explanation?
A. It must have been reabsorbed
B. It must have been secreted
C. It must have been poorly filtered because of its high Molecular weight

A

B

69
Q

If the clearance of substance A is greater than inulin, what must have happened?
A. It must have been reabsorbed
B. It must have been secreted
C. It must have been poorly filtered because of high molecular weight

A

B

70
Q 
X = countercurrent multiplier
Y = counercurrent exchanger
A = X only
B = Y only
C = Both
D = Neither
  1. Maintains medulary tonicity
  2. Peritubular capillaries in the medulla
  3. Maintains a difference in concentration gradient between the descending and ascending loops of henle
A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
71
Q 
X = Hydrostatic Pressure
Y = Oncotic pressure
A = X only
B = Y only
C = Both
D = Neither
  1. Induces filtration in he capillary
  2. promotes filtration in the Bowman’s capsule
  3. hinders filtration in the capillary
A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B

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