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Betamax > Anatomy 4th LE 2017 > Flashcards

Anatomy 4th LE 2017 Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following structures is derived from the internal oblique muscle?
A. Conjoint tendon	
B. External spermatic Fascia
C. Internal spermatic Fascia
D. Pectineal ligament
A

A. Conjoint tendon
**
B. External spermatic Fascia – from the external oblique
C. Internal spermatic Fascia – from the transversalis fascia
D. Pectineal ligament – extension of inguinal ligament – from the external oblique

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2
Q

Which of the following layers of the abdominal wall is traversed by the surgical knife in doing the
infraumbilical midline incision in a caesarean section?

A

Camper’s fascia, deep fascia, lineaalba, transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

superior boundary of the Hesselbach’s triangle is formed bywhat structure?

A

inferior epigastric vessels

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4
Q

After doing a spinal anaesthesia for a patient for appendectomy, the anaesthesiologist is checking the level of the anaesthetic effect. There is no pain elicited on pin prick over the xyphoid process, this
corresponds to what level?

A

T7

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5
Q

The third tendinous insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle is usually located at the level landmark?

A

Umbilicus

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6
Q

What anterolateral muscle flexes the trunk?

A

Rectus abdominis

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7
Q

The deep inguinal ring is a defect in ____

A

Transversalis fascia

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8
Q

What structure passes through the superficial inguinal ring in both sexes

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

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9
Q

Choose the correct statement regarding the inguinal canal.
A. It lies parallel and below the inguinal ligament
B. It transmits the iliohypogastricnerve
C. The posterior wall is the transversalis fascia
D. The superficial ring is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

C. The posterior wall is the transversalis fascia

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10
Q

Which of the following structures form the attachments of the inguinal ligament?

A

anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle

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11
Q

Which of the following abdominal wall layers extends into the scrotal wall as the cremastermuscle:

A

Internal oblique muscle

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12
Q

What structure forms the medial umbilical fold?

A

Obliterated umbilical artery
**
Lateral umbilical fold– inferior epigastric vessels
Median umbilical fold – remnant of the urachus

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13
Q

Which nerve provides taste sensation to the vallate papilla?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve)

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14
Q

Aside from the tongue which muscle keeps the food in between the teeth during chewing?

A

Buccinator

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15
Q

What structure covers the dentine of root of the tooth?

A

cementum

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16
Q

Acute infection of the pharynx may spread to the nasal cavity via?

A

Choanae

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17
Q

What artery mainly supplies the abdominal esophagus?

A

Left Gastric A.

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18
Q

What structure lies at the tracheoesophageal groove?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What structure does not form part of the stomach bed

A

Hepatic flexure

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20
Q

What artery would most likely be eroded if the posterior wall of the duodenal cap is perforated by ulcer?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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21
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the stomach?
A. Anterior wall is related to the omental bursa
B. The cardiac notch separates the esophagus from the cardia
C. Gastric Canal runs along the lesser curvature
D. The greater curvature forms the concave part of the stomach

A

C. Gastric Canal runs along the lesser curvature
**
A. Anterior wall is related to the omental bursa – False, it is related to the posterior wall
B. The cardiac notch separates the esophagus from the cardia – False,it separates the esophagus from the fundus
D. The greater curvature forms the concave part of the stomach – False, it forms the convex part

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22
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the parasympathetic nerve supply of the stomach?
A. Anterior posterior vagal trunks both course along the greater curvature
B. The anterior vagal trunk is derived from the right vagus nerve
C. The anterior vagal trunk is larger than the posterior vagal trunk
D. Posterior Vagal trunk supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces

A

D. Posterior Vagal trunk supplies both the anterior and posterior surfaces
**
A. Anterior posterior vagal trunks both course along the greater curvature – False, it’s along the lesser curvature
B. The anterior vagal trunk is derived from the right vagus nerve– False it’s from the left vagus nerve
C. The anterior vagal trunk is larger than the posterior vagal trunk – False , the posterior vagal trunk is larger than the anterior vagal trunk

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23
Q

What are the mucosal modifications of the small intestines responsible for slowing down transit of large undigested food particles?

A

Plicae Circulares

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24
Q

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract begins at the area suspended by a sling of muscle coming from the diaphragm?

A

Jejunum

**sling of muscle – ligament of treitz-marks the end of the duodenum

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25
Q

What is the most distal portion of the GIT that is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Transverse Colon

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26
Q

Which portion of the large intestine is the widest?

A

Cecum

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27
Q

During an appendectomy procedure, which of the following structures is used to immediately identify a bowel segment as a large intestine?

A

Taenia Coli

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28
Q

Which portion of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

1st part

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29
Q

The appendicular artery is a direct terminal branch of what artery?

A

Ileocolic artery

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30
Q

What artery to the duodenum comes from the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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31
Q

The inferior cone-shaped limit of the anal valve forms what structure?

A

Pectinate Line
**
Superior limit – ano-rectal junction
Valves – forms the columns

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32
Q

Which of the following arteries allows the viability of the descending colon in cases where the left colic artery is disrupted by injury and surgery?

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

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33
Q

Which nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the sigmoid colon?

A

Pelvic-Splanchnic Nerve

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34
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the histology of the lip?
A. It has a well-developed core of smooth muscle
B. The underlying connective tissue is poorly vascularized
C. The mucosal surface has salivary glands
D. The side covered by skin has hair follicles

A

D. The side covered by skin has hair follicles

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35
Q

The area between the skin and the oral portion of the lip is called the?

A

Vermillion

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36
Q

Which of the following cells are precursor cells of the taste buds?

A

Basal Cells

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37
Q

Which of the following cells eventually produces dentin?

A

Odontoblast

38
Q

Which of the following cells from the hardest substance of the body? (enamel)

A

Ameloblast

39
Q

The palatine tonsils are lined by which type of epithelium?

A

non-keratinized stratified epithelium

40
Q

Which part of the GIT is lined by non-keratinized stratified epithelium?

A

esophagus

41
Q

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract most commonly contains the glands?

A

Mucosa

42
Q

How does the lining epithelium of the recto anal junction change from proximal to distal?

A

Simple columnar to stratified squamous

43
Q

Which of the following glands is Submucosal?
A. Duodenal gland
B. Esophageal
C. Cardiac

A

A. Duodenal gland

44
Q

Choose the correct intestinal segment as to distinct feature combination.
C. Jejunum : Abundant Plicae Circulares
D. Jejunum : Many Goblet cells

A

C. Jejunum : Abundant Plicae Circulares

45
Q

Which of the following forms the core of the Intestinal Villus?

A

Lamina Propria

46
Q

Choose the correct GIT segment as to cell combination.
B. Esophagus: Goblet cell
C. Small Intestine:Paneth cell
D. Large intestine: chief cell

A

C. Small Intestine:Paneth cell

47
Q 
Which layer of the large intestinal wall contains the lymphoid nodules?
A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. MuscularisInterna
D. MuscularisExterna
A

A. Mucosa

48
Q 
Which of the following gastric cells has large intracellular canaliculi?
A. Chief cells
B. Neck cells
C. Enteroendocrine cells
D. Parietal cells
A

D. Parietal cells

49
Q

Which of the following intestinal cells increases surface area the most?
A. Microvilli
B. PlicaeCirculares
C. Villi

A

A. Microvilli

50
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Submandibular gland?
A. It has 2 parts which becomes the pineus behind the Mylohyoid muscle
B. Is located beneath the frenulum of the tongue
C. The duct emerges from the superficial portion of the gland
D. The duct opens in the 2nd molar

A

A. It has 2 parts which becomes the pineus behind the Mylohyoid muscle

51
Q 
Choose the correct statement regarding the histology of the Parotid gland.
A. It is a mucoserous gland
B. Cells have granular apical structures
C. It has serous demilunes
D. Nuclei are pressed towards the bases
A

B. Cells have granular apical structures

52
Q

Which of the following ligaments attaches the liver to the diaphragm?
A. Coronary
B. Falciform
C. Round ligament

A

A. Coronary

53
Q

Which of the following veins drain directly into the portal vein?
A. Renal Vein
B. Phrenic vein
C. Inferior mesenteric vein

A

B. Phrenic vein

54
Q 
Which of the following intehepatic bile duct pierces the limiting plate to enter the periportal area?
A. Bile canaliculi
B.Cholangioles
C. Bile capillaries
D. Canals of Hering
A

B.Cholangioles

55
Q

The pathologist was examining a section of liver parenchyma showing evidence of fat droplets and ischemia in the area furthest away from the distributing arteries. Which zone was most likely affected?
A. Zone I
B. Zone II
C. Zone III

A

C. Zone III

56
Q

Which of the following veins involved in the rectal porto-caval anastomoses is a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein?
A. Inferior rectal
B. Superior rectal
C. Middle rectal

A

B. Superior rectal

57
Q

Which of the following is true regarding hepatic segmentation?
A. Left and right hepatic segments are supplied by the left and right portal vein
B. Three of the 1st division is subdivided into segments by the transverse hepatic plain
C. There are anastomoses between hepatic segments
D. The liver is divided functionally into right and left portions by the hepatic artery

A

B. Three of the 1st division is subdivided into segments by the transverse hepatic plain

58
Q

What part of the gallbladder is related to the 2nd portion of the duodenum?

A

Fundus

59
Q

Which of the following statements is true of the gallbladder?
A. It has submucosal and muscularis layer
B. Mucosa is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C. Fundus is covered by Adventitia
D. Tubuloacinar glands are found

A

D. Tubuloacinar glands are found

60
Q 
A junior intern was asked to assist in a cholecystokiny procedure, surgical removal of the gallbladder, and was told by the senior resident to look for the triangle of Calot. Which of the following structures is NOT part of the triangle of Calot?
A. Common hepatic duct
B. Visceral surface of the liver
C. Right Hepatic Artery
D. Cystic Duct
A

C. Right Hepatic Artery

61
Q

Which of the following structures is directly related to the neck of the pancreas?
A. Beginning of the portal vein
B. Hepatic Vein
C. Superior mesenteric vein

A

C. Superior mesenteric vein

62
Q

Which of the following statements is true about the pancreas?
A. Lymphatic drainage of the pancreas goes to the cysternachyli
B. The accessory pancreatic duct, when present, drains the upper portion of the pancreatic head
C. Blood supply to the superior portion of the head of the pancreas is from the inferior mesenteric artery
D. Main pancreatic duct is joined by the common bile duct before opening into the minor duodenal papilla

A

B. The accessory pancreatic duct, when present, drains the upper portion of the pancreatic head

63
Q

Which of the following factors leads to the easy metastatic spread of cancer in the Pancreas?

A

B. Proximity to the Portal Vein

64
Q

Which of the following structures marks the beginning of intercalated duct of pancreatic acini?

A

A. Tetroacini

65
Q

Which of the following embryologic structures develops into the Perineal body?
A. Urogenital septum
B. Urorectal septum

A

B. Urorectal septum

66
Q

The mesentery proper is derived from which of the following germ cell layers?
A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm

A

C. Mesoderm

67
Q

The liver bud is derived from which segment of the developing GIT?
A. Foregut
B. Midgut
C. Hindgut

A

A. Foregut

68
Q 
Which of the following structures initially develops intraperitoneally then becomes retroperitoneally?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Pancreas
D. Stomach
A

C. Pancreas

69
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies the precursor of the Meckel’s diverticulum?
A. Vitelline artery
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery

A

A. Vitelline artery

70
Q

The liver develops within which of the following embryologic structures?

A

Septum transversum

71
Q

Which of the following arteries that supply the structures that comprise the hindgut?
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric artery
C. Inferior mesenteric artery

A

C. Inferior mesenteric artery

72
Q 
During embryologic development of the GIT, it undergoes a rotation from a longitudinal axis for about how many degrees?
A. 45
B. 90
C. 180
D. 270
A

D. 270

73
Q

Which of the following arteries is found at the corticomedullary junction of the kidney?
A. Arcuate arteries
B. Segmental arteries
C. Afferent arterioles

A

A. Arcuate arteries

74
Q 
Compared to the distal convoluted tubule, which of the following features best characterizes the proximal convoluted tubule?
A. The cell borders are discrete  
B. PCT has less nuclei
C. Numerous microvilli
D. PCT has larger lumen than DCT
A

C. Numerous microvilli

75
Q

The descent total renal calculi are most likely get arrested at which of the following points of the ureter?
A. As it crosses the pelvic brim
B. At the level of common Iliac artery

A

A. As it crosses the pelvic brim

76
Q

The renal fascia forms an effective barrier except at this region of the Kidney which is not covered?
A. Superior
B. Inferior
C. Parietal

A

B. Inferior

77
Q

Referred pains is secondary to ureteric stones is transmitted to the ipsilateral lower abdominal quadrant by which spinal cord segement?
A. T5-T9
B. T11-L2
C. S2-S4

A

B. T11-L2

78
Q

Which of the following sequences best describes the arrangement of the structures at the renal hilum from anterior to posterior?
A. Renal artery – Renal Vein - Ureter
B. Renal vein – Renal artery – Ureter
C. Ureter – Renal artery – Renal Vein

A

B. Renal vein – Renal artery – Ureter

79
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Suprarenal gland?
A. Left Suprarenal vein drains to the left renal vein
B. Left suprarenal gland is pyramidal is shape
C. The medulla is derived from mesoderm

A

A. Left Suprarenal vein drains to the left renal vein

80
Q

Which of the following best describes the blood supply of the kidney?
A. Straight arteries come from the arcuate arteries
B. Segmental artery directly branch into interlobular arteries
C. Left renal artery is longer than the right renal artery
D. Segmental arteries are end arteries

A

D. Segmental arteries are end arteries

81
Q

Which part of the male urethra is widest and most dilatable?
A. Membranous
B. Spongy
C. Prostatic

A

C. Prostatic

82
Q

Which of the following parts of the urinary bladder in mucosa is straight?

A

Trigone

83
Q

The Urinary bladder is held down from the abdominal cavity by which ligament?

A

Lateral

84
Q

The ureteric bud is formed from which stage of the embryologic kidney system?
A. Pronephros
B. Mesonephros
C. Metanephros

A

B. Mesonephros

85
Q

Closely packed columnar cells that line the thickened region of the DCT are composed of which of the following cells?
A. JG cells
B. Lacis cells
C. Macula densa

A

C. Macula densa

86
Q

Choose the correct statement regarding the Juxtaglomerular cells.
A. Function is phagocytic
B. Modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arterioles
C. Specialized cells found in the Urinary pole

A

B. Modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arterioles

87
Q

Stimulation of which of the following nerves would lead to sympathetic response of the urinary bladder?
A. Hypogastric nerve
B. Pelvic splanchnic nerve

A

A. Hypogastric nerve

88
Q

The left ureter was visualized using IntavenousPyelogram, while holding interrupted segments of the right ureter was seen. The urinary calculus was seen in the urinary tract of the patient. The most likely location will be at the level of?

A

Left pelvic brim

89
Q

You have identified the jejunal segments in an upper GIT series examination. You will most likely point to the segment with which of the following characteristics?

A

Located mostly in the left upper quadrant

90
Q

In an abdominal contrast radiograph, the structure shows feathery mucosal pattern. Which of the following structures is shown in your findings?
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Colon

A

A. Jejunum

91
Q

The calcification is noted in the right upper quadrant in an abdominal radiograph. Which of the following structures is most likely involved?
A. Liver
B. Gallbladder
C. Stomach

A

B. Gallbladder

92
Q

of the following structures would appear as a blind ending tube in a baron enema?

A

Appendix

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