Anatomy 4th LE 2014 Flashcards
1
Q
The imaginary line running vertically along the border of the rectus abdominis is the A. Midinguinal B. Semilunar interspinous C. Subcostal D. Interspinous
A
B
2
Q
Which muscle of the abdominal wall forms the falx inguinalis?
A. External and internal oblique
B. Internal obique and transverse abdominis
A
B
3
Q
Dilatation and turtuosity of the subcutaneous anastomosis between the lateral thoracic and superior epigastric veins are seen clinically in the obstruction of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Superior mesenteric vein B. Inferior mesenteric vein C. Portal vein D. Splenic vein
A
D
4
Q
Which of the ff structures is enclosed by the medial umbilical fold A. Umbilical vein B. Umbilical artery C. Rectus abdominis D. Transverse abdominal
A
D
5
Q
Choose the correct statement about the lesser sac.
A. It does not communicate with the greater sac.
B. It lies between the stomach and the liver.
C. It extends from the diaphragm down to the pelvis.
D. It is the space between the anterior and posterior layers of the greater omentum.
A
D
6
Q
The derivative of the peritoneum which connects the stomach to another viscus is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Peritoneal fold B. Peritoneal ligament C. Mesentery D. Omentum
A
D
7
Q
The main flexor of the trunk on the anterior abdominal wall is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle. A. External oblique B. Internal oblique C. Rectus abdominis D. Transverse abdominal
A
C
8
Q
The right and left gastric arteries course along the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the stomach. A. Lesser curvature B. Greater curvature C. Fundus D. Anterior surface
A
A
9
Q
Which of the following anatomic relations of the thoracic esophagus is correct?
A. It is closely related to the azygos vein on the right at the level of T4.
B. It runs along the left side of the aorta below the tracheal bifurcation.
C. It lies beneath the right atrium
D. It is indented on the left by the aortic arc opposite C6.
A
A
10
Q
The main blood supply of the cervical esophagus comes from which artery? A. Internal thyroid B. Superior thyroid C. Ascending pharyngeal D. Costocervical trunk
A
A
11
Q
Which portion of the esophagus is supplied by the esophageal plexus?
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic, above the tracheal bifurcation
C. Thoracic, below the tracheal bifurcation
D. Abdominal
A
C
12
Q
What structure delineates between the corpus and the pylorus of the stomach? A. Cardiac incisure B. Angular incisure C. Pyloric sphincter D. Greater curvature
A
B
13
Q
The stomach bed in asupine position includes the ff EXCEPT: A. Spleen B. Duodenum C. Pancreas D. Transverse mesocolon
A
B
14
Q
Which of the ff is NOT a muscle of mastication? A. Temporalis B. Orbicularis oris C. Lateral pterygoid D. Masseter
A
B
15
Q
The extrinsic lingual muscle NOT supplied by the hypoglossal nerve is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Styloglossus B. Palatoglossus C. Hypoglossus D. Genioglossus
A
B
16
Q
What structure divides the undersurface of the tongue into halves? A. Fimbriated fold B. Median sulcus C. Lingual frenulum D. Sulcus terminalis
A
C
17
Q
Which of the ff does not participate in the formation of the pharyngeal plexus? A. Vagus nerve B. Glossopharyngeal nerves C. Superior cervical ganglion D. Hypoglossal nerve
A
D
18
Q
What is absent in the deciduous set of teeth? A. Incisors B. Canines C. Molars D. Premolars
A
C
19
Q
What muscle primarily forms the palatine aponeurosis? A. Levator veli palatini B. Tensor veli palatini C. Musculus uvulae D. Palatoglossus
A
B
20
Q
What structure marks the transition between the oral cavity and the oropharynx? A. Chonae B. Palatoglossal arch C. Palatopharyngeal arch D. Laryngeal inlet
A
B
21
Q
The valves of Kerckring start at which part of the duodenum? A. Superior B. Horizontal C. Descending D. Ascending
A
C
22
Q
Which of the ff has a mesentery? A. Ascending colon B. Transverse colon C. Descending colon D. Rectum
A
B
23
Q
Merckel’s diverticulum is usually found at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Posteromedial aspect of the cecum B. Terminal 2 ft of the ileum C. Duodenal ampulla D. Appendix
A
B
24
Q
Portion of the anal canal where epithelium changes from columnar to stratified squamous. A. Anal columns B. Pectnate line C. Anocutaneous line D. Hilton’s line
A
B
25
```
Pelvic splanchnic nerve innervates which of the ff structures?
A. Ascending colon
B. Cecum
C. Transverse colon, proximal 1/3
D. Sigmoid
```
D
26
```
What branch of the superior mesenteric artery supplies the proximal al 2/3 of the transverse colon?
A. Middle colic
B. Left colic
C. Right colic
D. Ileocolic
```
A
27
```
The arterial blood supply of the duodenum comes from
A. Celiac trunk
B. Superior mesenteric
C. Short gastric
D. All of the above
E. A&B only
```
E
28
```
Meissner’s plexus is found in which layer of the GIT?
A. Mucosa
B. Submucosa
C. Muscularis externa
D. Serosa
```
B
29
```
What is the band of muscular tissue that extends from the duodenojejunal flexure to the right crus of the diaphragm?
A. Mesentery
B. Phrenicocolic ligament
C. Hepatic ligament
D. Ligament of Treitz
```
D
30
```
The hepatopancreatic ampulla opens into the major duodenal ampulla located at the ________ wall of the descending part of the duodenum.
A. Anterior
B. Anteromedial
C. Posterior
D. Posteromedial
```
D
31
```
What differentiates jejunum from ileum?
A. Greater vascularity
B. Shorter vasa recta
C. More mesenteric fat
D. Thinner intestinal wall
```
A
32
Which of the ff liver structures emphasizes its major exocrine function?
A. Classic hepatic lobule
B. Portal lobule
C. Liver acinus
B
33
```
Which of the ff is/are the tributary/ies of the portal vein?
A. Splenic
B. Superior mesenteric
C. Inferior mesenteric
D. A and B only
E. A and C only
```
D
34
A pathologist was studying the liver parenchyma of a patient who underwent partial hepatectomy (surgical removal of a liver segment). He noticed a particular area which showed evidence of early regeneration. Which partcular zone of the hepatic acinus was he referring to?
A. Zone 1
B. Zone 2
C. Zone 3
A
35
Which of the ff structures divides the liver into functional right and left lobes?
A. Falciform ligament
B. Inferior vena cava and gall bladder
C. Ligamentum venosum and ligamentum teres hepatis
D. Coronary ligament
B
36
```
Blood supply to the liver comes from which of the ff vessels
A. Portal vein
B. Hepatic vein
C. Hepatic artery
D. A&B only
E. A&C only
```
E
37
```
Which of the ff portocaval anastomosis would lead to caput medusae?
A. Esophageal
B. Paraumbilical
C. Rectal
D. Retroperitoneal
```
B
38
Which of the ff is true regarding hepatic segmentation?
A. The liver can be divided anatomically into 9 segments.
B. Each segement shared its blood supply and biliary drainage with adjacent segments.
C. Segment IV receives blood from both right and left hepatic arteries and portal veins.
D. Partial hepatectomy would not affect the function of the remaining segments
D
39
```
Which portion of the gall bladder is completely covered with serosa?
A. Fundus
B. Body
C. Infundibulum
D. Neck
```
A
40
Which of the ff is true about the gall bladder?
A. It is a pear-shaped sac attached to the posterior surface of the liver.
B. The mucosa is lined with simple columnar epithelium with microvilli.
C. The blood supply comes from a branch of the left hepatic artery.
D. The lymph drains via the posterior mediastinal group of lymph nodes.
B
41
A first year surgical resident was doing cholecystectomy (surgical removal of the gall bladder) for the first time. He was trying to look for the triangle of Calot so he could isolate and ligate the cystic artery. As he opened up the hepatoduodenal ligament, he was able to locate the borders of the triangle as follows:
A. Cystic duct, common bile duct, liver edge
B. Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, common hepatic artery
C. Cystic duct, common hepatic duct, liver edge
D. Common bile, right hepatic artery, liver edge
C
42
```
A first year student was trying to locate the origin of the superior mesenteric artery from the aorta. He was having difficulty because the portion of the artery that he was looking for is found beneath which portion of the pancreas?
A. Head
B. Neck
C. Body
D. Tail
```
B
43
```
Which of the ff structures constitute the endocrine function of the pancreas?
A. Islets of Langerhans
B. Pancreatic acini
C. Kupffer’s cells
D. Centroacinar cells
```
A
44
Which of the ff is true of the blood supply of the kidneys?
A. The left renal artery is longer than the right renal artery.
B. The segmental arteries anastomose with one other.
C. The arcuate arteries run between the medullary rays.
D. The renal arteries emerge inferior to the superior mesenteric artery.
D
45
```
Which of the ff kidney coverings continue to become the periureteric fascia?
A. Renal capsule
B. Gerota’s capsule
C. Pararenal fat
D. Perirenal fat
```
B
46
```
Which structure is posteriorly related only to the left kidney?
A. Iliolingual nevre
B. Psoas muscle
C. 11th rib
D. Subcostal nerve
```
C
47
```
An 18 yr old college boy was brought to the ER because of a bleeding stab wound on the left flank. He manifested with gross hemituria (blood in the urine). Other than the kidney, which of the ff would most likely be injured in the patient?
A. Aorta
B. Duodenum
C. Spleen
D. Ascending colon
```
C
48
```
What structure is found in the renal sinus?
A. Ureter
B. Renal pelvis
C. Renal vein
D. Renal pyramid
```
B
49
```
Blood supply of the most distal part of the ureter comes from branches of which artery?
A. Common iliac
B. Vesical
C. Gonadal
D. Renal
```
B
50
```
Ureteric pain secondary to a renal caclulus or stone lodged in the ureter may be felt in the ff areas EXCEPT
A. Skin of the scrotum
B. Lumbar region
C. Lateral part of the thigh
D. Labia majora
```
C
51
Choose the correct statement that best describes the ureter
A. It lies anterior to the colic vessels
B. Only the proximal portion is retroperitoneal
C. It has an anatomical valve as it inserts into the bladder
D. It is crossed over by the uterine artery as it enters the bladder
D
52
Which of the ff occurs during micturition?
A. Inhibition of the detrusor muscle
B. Relaxation of the sphincter vesicae
C. Sympathetic stimulation by the pelvic splanchnic nerve
D. Parasympathetic stimulation by the superior hypogastric plexus
B
53
```
Trigone is located at which part of the urinary bladder?
A. Apex
B. Body
C. Neck
D. Fundus
```
B
54
```
In doing male urethral catheterization, which part of the urethra will the catheter have resistance passing through?
A. Spongy
B. Preprostatic
C. Membranous
D. Prostatic
```
C
55
```
The expanded portion of the male urethra found in the glans penis is called
A. Urethral crest
B. Ejaculatory duct
C. Intrabulbar fossa
D. Fossa navicularis
```
D
56
```
Which of the ff structures forms part of the periodontium?
A. Dentin
B. Cementum
C. Enamel
D. Pulp
```
B
57
```
The ducts of von Ebner’s glands open into the deep groove surrounding which lingual papillae?
A. Filiform
B. Fungiform
C. Foliate
D. Circumvallate
```
D
58
Which of the ff statements is TRUE regarding the esophagus?
A. The upper segment contains skeletal muscles
B. The proximal third is covered by serosa
C. The mucosa is lined by simple squamous epithelium
D. The submucosa is absent
A
59
Which of the ff gastric glands have short pits and long secretory portions?
A. Cardiac
B. Fundic
C. Pyloric
A
60
```
Which structure is composed o a tuft of the epithelium and lamina propria only?
A. Villus
B. Rugae
C. Microvillus
D. Plicae circulares
```
A
61
```
Which of the ff glands is classified as simple tubular?
A. Fundic
B. Esophageal
C. Intestinal
D. Salivary
```
C
62
The internal anal sphincter is found at the level of which of the ff recto-anal zones?
A. Colorectal
B. Anal transition
C. Squamous
B
63
The pyloric sphincter is a thickening of which muscular layer of the stomach?
A. Internal oblique
B. External longitudinal
C. Middle circular
C
64
```
The cells found at the base of the intestinal gland containing granules are _________.
A. Paneth
B. Goblet
C. Absorptive
D. Microfold
```
A
65
```
While studying a slide, a student noted abundant cells with acidophilic cytoplasm and spherical nuclei at the upper part of the gland. Which part of the GIT is he looking at?
A. Transverse colon
B. Duodenum
C. Fundus of stomach
D. Jejunum
```
C
66
```
In the practical exam, a student was asked to identify a tissue with leaf-shaped villi and submucosal glands. What segment of the GIT would it be?
A. Duodenum
B. Jejunum
C. Esophagus
D. Appendix
```
A
67
```
The segment of the GIT with incomplete outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa and absent villi is the ________.
A. Appendix
B. Ileum
C. Stomach
D. Colon
```
D
68
```
Which part of the nephron may be seen both in the cortex and the medulla?
A. Collecting tubule
B. DCT
C.PCT
D. Renal corpuscle
```
A
69
```
In what segment of the nephron does the hydroxylation of Vitamin D to its active form occur?
A. Collecting tubule
B. Nephron loop
C. DCT
D. PCT
```
D
70
Which statement would best describe the macula densa?
A. They produce and secrete renin
B. They are found within the glomerulus
C. They are specialized segments of the DCT.
D. They are modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole
C
71
```
Which does NOT form part of the glomerular basement membrane?
A. Basal lamina
B. Mesangial cells
C. Capillary endothelium
D. Podocytes
```
B
72
```
What would diffrentiate PCTs from DCTs?
A. Smaller cells
B. More nuclei
C. Distinct intercellular membrane
D. Intense acidophilia
```
D
73
Choose the statement that BEST describes the ureter.
A. The ureter is covered by serosa.
B. The intravesical ureter contains longitudinal muscle fibers only.
C. The mucosa is lined by stratified squamous, non-keratinized epithelium
D. The entire length has complete layers of smooth muscles
B
74
Which layer of the muscular coat of the muscle forms the sphincter vesicae?
A. Outer longitudinal
B. Inner longitudinal
C. Middle circular
C
75
```
The most distal part of the urethra is lined by what type of epithelium?
A. Stratified squamous, non-keratinized
B. Pseudostratified columnar
C. Transitional
D. Stratified columnar
```
A
76
```
What embryonic structure gives rise to the urinary bladder?
A. Ureteric bud
B. Metanephric mesoderm
C. Urogenital sinus
D. Anorectal canal
```
C
77
Which pair of embryonic kidneys gives rise to the definitive kidney?
A. Metanephros
B. Mesonephros
C. Pronephros
A
78
UTI was diagnosed in a 5 yr old boy who presented with high-grade fever, chills, vomiting, and pyuria (pus in the urine) on urinalysis. Urine culture had significant growth of E. coli. Ultrasound of the urinary tract showed hydronephrosis.
The ultrasound finding would mean that there is a dilation of what part of the urinary tract?
A. Urinary bladder
B. Renal pelvis
C. Ureterovesical junction
D. Major calyx
B
79
UTI was diagnosed in a 5 yr old boy who presented with high-grade fever, chills, vomiting, and pyuria (pus in the urine) on urinalysis. Urine culture had significant growth of E. coli. Ultrasound of the urinary tract showed hydronephrosis.
Patient needed further work-up so voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) was done. It was noted that there was retrograde flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter with only one pelvocalyceal system. This finding is diagnostic of a condition called:
A. Bladder exstrophy
B. Double collecting system
C. Vesicoureteral reflux
D. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
C
80
```
The foregut begins from the level of the lung bud and terminates at the level or area of the ________.
A. Buccopharyngeal membrane
B. Cloacal membrane
C. Liver bud
D. Transverse colon
```
C
81
The peritoneal covering of the liver arises from the ________.
A. Endoderm
B. Mesoderm
C. Ectoderm
B
82
```
Failure of return of the herniated intestinal loops within the abdominal cavity leads to:
A. Gastroschisis
B. Merckel’s diverticulum
C. Omphalocoele
D. Left-sided colon
```
C
83
```
Which of the ff intra-abdominal structures develops from the septum transversum?
A. Greater omentum
B. Dorsal mesentery
C. Falciform ligament
D. Lienorenal ligament
```
C
84
```
Which of the ff structures lies intraperitoneally?
A. Ascemding colon
B. Duodenal cap
C. Rectum
D. Pancreas
```
B
85
```
At what stage of fetal development do hepatic cells start to produce bile?
A. 3rd week
B. 7th week
C. 10th week
D. 12th week
```
D
86
```
During the 10th week of development, herniated intestinal loops begin to return to the abdominal cavity. The first part to reenter the abdominal cavity is the:
A. Cecal bud
B. Transverse colon
C. Jejunum
D. Ileum
```
C
87
```
Failure of recanalization of the lower half of the anal canal will result to:
A. Imperforate anus
B. Congenital megacolon
C. Umbilical fistula
D. Omphalocoele
```
A
88
```
Accessory pancreatic tissue is most frequently seen within the:
A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Cecum
D. Rectum
```
A
89
```
A right-sided colon results when the primary intestinal loop rotates in this manner.
A. 90° CW
B. 90° CCW
C. 270° CW
D. 270° CCW
```
B
90
Choose the correct INTESTINAL SEGMENT: ORIGIN OF BLOOD SUPPLY combination.
A. Inferior anal canal: inferior mesenteric a.
B. Ileum: superior mesenteric a.
C. Distal 3rd of the transverse colon: superior mesenteric a.
D. Jejunum: celiac trunk and superior mesenteric a.
B
91
```
The femoral hernia is located ________ to the pubic tubercle.
A. Above and medial
B. Above and lateral
C. Below and medial
D. Below and lateral
```
D
92
```
Irritation of the parietal peritoneum by an inflamed appendix is commonly felt as ________ pain.
A. Dull periumbiolical
B. Vague epigastric
C. Sharp right lower quadrant
D. Referred right shoulder
```
C
93
```
The most common cause of obstruction of the appendiceal lumen is ________.
A. Inflamed lymphoid tissues
B. Fruit seeds
C. Enteroliths
D. Intestinal worms
```
C
94
```
An ultrasound image shows a gallbladder with a thick wall, pericholecystic (around the gallbladder) fluid, and a reflective foci from within that casts posterior acoustic shadows. The sonographic impression is:
A. Duplication of the gallbladder
B. Acalculous cholecystitis
C. Acute cholecystitis with stone
D. Cholelithiases
```
C
95
```
Type of abdominal wall hernia that is common in old men with weak abdominal muscles.
A. Indirect inguinal hernia
B. Direct inguinal hernia
C. Femoral hernia
D. Incisional hernia
```
B
