Physiology( Energy Systems )

Question 1

How does the ATP -PC system work ?

Answer 1

• The majority of energy is provided by the phosphocreatine system
• Creating kinase detects high levels of ADP
• And breaks down PC into P + C + Energy
• The energy is used to resynthesise ATP
• This is done through ADP + P + Energy
• PC is stored in the muscle and the PC system lasts for 8 seconds

Question 2

What are the advantages of the ATP-PC system ?

Answer 2

• There Is a rapid release of energy from the breakdown of PC
• This allows for a rapid resynthesis of ATP
• Which allows ballistic skills to be completed immediately after other
  ballistic skills e.g. pushing off the blocks to sprint
• No waste product is produce through the ATP-PC system

Question 3

What are the disadvantages of the ATP-PC system ?

Answer 3

• The performer has a limited store of PC
• Therefore, the PC system can only provide energy for 8 seconds
• Full recovery of the PC system takes 3 minutes

Question 4

How does the lactate anaerobic energy system work ?

Answer 4

• Lactate anaerobic system lasts for 3 minutes
• The majority of energy is provided by the lactate anaerobic system
• Glycogen is broken down into glucose
• Energy is produced to resynthesise 2 ATP
• Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
• Pyruvate is converted into lactic acid

Question 5

What are the advantages of the lactate anaerobic system ?

Answer 5

• Provides a rapid release of energy
• Lasts up to 8 mins

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of the lactate anaerobic energy system ?

Answer 6

• Causes a build up of lactic acid, which causes the performer to fatigue
• Therefore, the performer may move slowly at the end of an event

Question 7

How does the aerobic energy system work ?

Answer 7

• The majority of energy is provided by aerobic respiration
• The first process is glycolysis
• Whereby glycogen is broken down into glucose
• Enough energy is produced to resynthesise 2 ATP
• Glucose Is broken down into pyruvate
• Pyruvate is oxidised to form acetyl-coA and enters the Krebs Cycle
• Acetyl-coA is converted into oxaloacetic acid
• Oxaloacetic acid combines with coenzyme A to form citric acid
• Enough energy is produced to resynthesise 2 ATP
• Hydrogen is produced and transported to the electron transport chain, where 34 ATP and water is produced
• Fats are broken down into fatty acids
• Fatty acids are oxidised with acetyl-coA and enter the Krebs Cycle
• This is called Beta Oxidation

Question 8

What are the advantages of the aerobic respiration energy system ?

Answer 8

• Fats yield more energy per gram than carbohydrates
• This allows 34 ATP to be produced
• Therefore, when using aerobic respiration, the performer can remove lactic acid via oxidation

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of the aerobic respiration energy system ?

Answer 9

• However, aerobic respiration is only useful when oxygen is present
• There is a slower release of energy than the lactate anaerobic system and ATP-PC system
• Therefore, the performer cannot regenerate ATP as quickly