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Physiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Difference between Physiology & Anatomy

A

Anatomy- deals with form & structure

Physiology- Deals with function & integrated behavior

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2
Q

Toward the head

A

Cranial

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3
Q

toward the tail

A

Caudal

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4
Q

toward or beyond the backbone

A

Dorsal

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5
Q

away from the backbone or toward the abdomen

A

Ventral

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6
Q

Two types of body weight determination

A

Weighing scale

Estimation

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7
Q

Two types of estimation

A
  • eyeball estimate/ocular evaluation

- body measurements= predict live weight gain (regression models)

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8
Q

Formula to determine the regression model (live weight) for cattle

A

kg= -466+4.70 (HG)

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9
Q

Formula to determine the regression model (live weight) for swine

A

Sandro
kg= -84.068 + 0.902 (HG) + 0.711 (BL)
Caubalejo
kg= -92.732 + 1.002 (HG) + 0.479 (BL)+0.250 (FG)

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10
Q

exchange of gases between the
blood and lungs and other organ
systems

A

breathing

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11
Q

resulting balance of heat

production and heat dissipation

A

heat

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12
Q

HOW DO WE GET RESPIRATION RATE OF SHEEP/CATTLE/PIG?

A

Without disturbing the animal, count the rising of the hind flank

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13
Q

HOW DO WE GET PULSE RATE of CATTLE?

A

coccygeal artery at the base of tail

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14
Q

HOW DO WE GET PULSE RATE of Goat/Sheep?

A

femoral artery at the anterior border of the pubis

sa singit

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15
Q

HOW DO WE GET PULSE RATE of Pig?

A

auscultation by using a stethoscope held at the chest area

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16
Q

HOW DO WE GET BODY TEMPERATURE of Cattle/sheep/pig?

A

CAREFULLY insert the (digital) thermometer into the rectum (2
minutes)

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17
Q

Function of testis

A

spermatogenesis and androgen secretion

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18
Q

It is where the spermatozoa maturate

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

propels spermatozoa from the

epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

A

Ductus deferens

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20
Q

organ of erection and ejaculation; introduces the

spermatozoa into the vagina

A

Penis

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21
Q

Function of digestion

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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22
Q

seizing and conveying of feed into the mouth

A

prehension

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23
Q

chewing and mixing of feed

with saliva

A

Mastication (chewing) & Insalivation (swallowing)

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24
Q

Enumerate the types of stomach structures and give one example of animal under it.

A

Monogastric- pigs
HERBIVOROUS MONOGASTRICS – horses and rabbits
MODIFIED MONOGASTRICS – poultry species
RUMINANTS – cattle, carabao, sheep and goats

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25
Q

muscular part of the stomach (chicken) that uses grit to grind grains and fiber into smaller particles

A

gizzard

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26
Q

for storage

A

proventriculus

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27
Q

Principally the organ where food is broken into smaller units.

A

stomach

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28
Q

provide mucus which aid in the swallowing

process, contains enzyme ptyalin

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

29
Q

produces digestive enzymes needed in the digestive

processes that take place in the small intestine

A

PANCREAS

30
Q

secretes bile for emulsification of fat in the small intestine

A

LIVER

31
Q

Scientific name of water buffalo

A

Bubalus bubalis carabanensis (swamp type)

32
Q

Scientific name of cattle

A

Bos taurus taurus indicus

33
Q

Scientific name of goat

A

Capra circus

34
Q

Scientific name of sheep

A

Ovis aries

35
Q

Scientific name of pig

A

Sus scrofa domesticus

36
Q

Scientific name of horse

A

Equus caballus

37
Q

Scientific name of rabbits

A

Oryctolagus cuniculus

38
Q

Scientific name of chicken

A

Gallus gallus domesticus

39
Q

Scientific name of turkey

A

Meleagris gallopavo

40
Q

Scientific name of quail

A

Coturnix coturnix

41
Q

Scientific name of duck

A 
Anas platyrhynchos (mallard))
Cairina moschata
42
Q

a long convoluted tube, which connects the vasa efferentia
of the testis with the ductus deferens (vas deferens). It serves as a place for maturation of the spermatozoa before ejaculation

A

Epididymis

43
Q

a muscular tube, which merges with the
epididymis. It extends upward to the abdominal cavity and finally empties in the urethra. During ejaculation, this muscular tube propels the spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct in the urethra

A

Ductus deferens

44
Q

canal starting from the junction of the ampulla and ends at the opening of the penis. It serves as a common passage of semen and urine.

A

Urethra

45
Q

an enlarged portion of the ductus deferens just before its entrance into the urethra. It serves as a temporary storage of sperm until ejaculation time. This is absent in pigs.

A

Ampulla

46
Q

are paired glands, which are located on either side

of the ampulla. They produce a secretion high in fructose, which acts as vehicle for sperm transport.

A

Seminal Vesicles

47
Q

an unpaired gland, which more or less completely surrounds the urethra. It produces a viscous secretion, which stimulates sperm activity and gives the semen its characteristic odor. This is absent in goat.

A

Prostate Gland

48
Q

small-paired gland located
on either side of pelvic urethra. This gland responsible for the boar taint. This becomes underdeveloped when pigs are castrated at an early age.

A

Cowper’s Gland/ Bulbourethral Gland

49
Q

is the site for ova maturation and secretes the female sex hormones like estrogen.

A

Ovary

50
Q

structure that conducts the
ova from each ovary to the respective horn of the uterus. It serves as a site of fertilization and site of early embryonic development. This is well developed in poultry species for egg production and divided into different
parts:

A

Uterine Tubes/Oviduct/Fallopian Tubes

51
Q

portion of the uterine tube adjacent to the ovary whose expanded form is like a funnel-shaped structure. It picks up the egg when released by the ovary at the time of ovulation.

A

Infundibulum

52
Q

site for albumen secretion.

A

Magnum

53
Q

side for outer and inner shell membrane secretion.

A

Isthmus

54
Q

Its function
includes the following: site of implantation and serves in a nutritive and productive capacity for the developing embryo. In poultry species, this is known as the shell gland where eggshell is formed.

A

Uterus

55
Q

the neck of the uterus.
passage way of semen. It protects the uterus from foreign material. During pregnancy, it
secretes a sticky mucus seal.

A

Cervix

56
Q

tube extending from the cervix down to the vulva. It receives the penis in copulation and provides a passageway for the fully developed fetus during parturition. In poultry species, the cuticle or “bloom” is secreted onto the shell for easy passage in the cloaca (urodeum) or vent and also serves as protection for the egg.

A

Vagina

57
Q

common passage way for the products of reproduction and urine.

A

Vulva

58
Q

rudimentary organ situated ventrally to the vulva, is homologous to the penis in the male.

A

Clitoris

59
Q

mechanical breakdown of feed into finer particles

A

Mastication or chewing

60
Q

mixing of feed with the saliva.

A

Insalivation

61
Q

formation of “balls” of feed out of the

masticated feed particles.

A

Bolus formation

62
Q

process, which permits an animal to forage and ingest
feed rapidly, then complete chewing at a later time. It embraces those
mechanical factors of digestion whereby feed in the stomach is regurgitated, remasticated, reinsalivated and reswallowed.

A

Rumination

63
Q

for prehension, mastication, and insalivation. In ruminants, this part of the digestive tract is used in the bolus formation. The mouth may also serve as a defensive and
offensive weapon.

A

Mouth and Buccal Cavity

64
Q

common passage for feed and air. Inspired air crosses the pharynx to enter the larynx while feed crosses the pharynx to enter the esophagus.

A

Pharynx

65
Q

site of further digestion and absorption of certain

products from the stomach digestion

A

Small Intestine

66
Q

site of water absorption, storage of waste material, and bacterial digestion of fiber. The cecum and colon are parts of the large
intestine.

A

Large intestine

67
Q

produces digestive enzymes needed in the digestive processes

that take place in the small intestine.

A

Pancreas

68
Q

secretes bile needed for the emulsification of fat in the small intestine.

A

Liver

Animal Science (20 decks)

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