Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Science > Animal Breeding > Flashcards

Animal Breeding Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Study of principles of INHERITANCE and VARIATION in farm ANIMALS

A

Animal Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GOAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING

A
  • keep and use animal records (essential step)
  • selection (the best, the most superior)
  • system of mating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of IMPROVEMENT of animals

A

Animal Breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

art and science of the GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

A

Animal Breeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

activities expected of

animal breeders

A
  1. Determine the genetic variation
  2. Develop statistical model for predicting breeding values
  3. Measure & predict genetic progress
  4. Organize testing & recording program
  5. Provide result
    (DDMOP)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-backbone of modern animal breeding

A

Quantitative & Statistical genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Austrian monk
garden pea
-inheritance of character

A

Gregor Mendel (1865)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rediscovered the work of Mendel

A

1901

  • Hugo de Vries
  • Carl E. Correns
  • Erich von Tschermak
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • Studied the inheritance of some traits of CHICKEN

- Mendelian law is applied in animals

A

William Bateson (1906)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

introduced GENE, GENOTYPE, PHENOTYPE

A

Wilhelm Johannsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chemical structure & function of the gene (double helix)

A

James Watson & Francis Crick (1956)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Father of Animal Breeding

A

Robert Bakewell (1725-1795)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Father of modern Animal Breeding

A

Jay Lush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Los Banos Breeding Animals

A

Philamin cattle, Berkjala pigs, LB-cantonese chickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who created the “bitik” “tikbi”

A

Dr. Cecilio R. Arboleda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formulated the mule ducks/laguna ducks from peki, pateros and muscovy

A

Dr. Angel L. Lambio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Develop the itik Pinas

A

Dr. Rene C. Santiago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Group of animals of common origin that possesses DISTINGUISHABLE CHARACTERISTICS

A

breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

occur only in one country

A

Local breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

breed that occur in more than one country

A

Transboundary breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Example of Transboundary breed

A

Landrace

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Difference between Bos indicus and Bos taurus

A

Bos indicus may hump while taurus wala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Variations in Phenotype

A

Qualitative and Quantitative traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

actual variation we observe

among animals for each trait of interest.

A

Phenotypic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

refers to the genes that make up the animal.

A

Genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

amount of variation that is controlled

by genes.

A

Genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Different forms

of the same gene are called

A

alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

It is a part of the cell which is the complete set of genetic instruction

A

Genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

it carry genetic material except sex

A

Autosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

summing up of effects of alleles of a gene and of effects of

genes at different chromosome locations to make up a trait

A

additive gene action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

collection of semen from the male and artificially

introducing it into females to obtain pregnancy

A

artificial insemination (AI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

most accurate statistical method
used for the prediction of breeding values and genetic trends in livestock breeding
populations

A

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

⅝ Berkshire and ⅜ Philippine native pigs from Jala-jala, Rizal

A

Bekjala pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

group of animals that only breed among themselves and show persistent
differences from other members of similar breeds or species

A

breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

ability of two or more breeds to combine well to produce

superior crossbred progeny

A

breed complementarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

crossing of two different breeds or lines of animals

A

crossbreeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

process of cooling and storing cells (sperms and embryos),

tissues, or organs at very low (freezing) temperatures to maintain their viability

A

cryopreservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

opposite of selection

A

culling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

number of females that are removed from the herd

A

culling rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

line, breed or crossbreds selected for a combination of good female
reproductive performance

A

dam line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

type of gene action which describes one allele overriding or dominating another at the same locus

A

dominance gene action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q 
reproductive technique that allows cloning of the embryo to
produce identical (monozygotic) twins
A

embryo splitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

interaction of different genes so that they tend to enhance

each other or cancel each other out, rather than adding together

A

epistatic gene action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

estimate of the genetic value of an animal as a

potential parent of the next generation

A

Estimated breeding value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

manipulating the animal’s estrous cycle to cause the

majority of breeding females to show standing estrus around the same time

A

estrus synchronization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

breed that is not native to a particular area or region; also called
introduced (or invasive)

A

exotic breed -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

half the breeding value of an animal; also

called estimated transmitting ability (ETA)

A

expected progeny differences (EPDs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

basic unit of inheritance composed of linear sequence of nucleotides, each
containing an organic base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate

A

gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

length of time it takes an individual to be replaced by one of its
offspring

A

generation interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

amount of variation that is controlled by genes

A

genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

genotypes respond differently in different

environments

A

genotype x environment interaction

52
Q

mating procedure whereby sires of a high-performing exotic breed
are mated to a local breed of female and their female offspring generation after
generation; also called upgrading

A

grading-up

53
Q

ratio of genetic variation to phenotypic variation

A

heritability

54
Q

occurs when the genetic merit (and hence performance) of the cross is
greater than the average of the purebred parents

A

heterosis

55
Q

mating of related animals

A

inbreeding

56
Q

measure of the level of inbreeding equal to the probability that alleles carried by that individual will be identical

A

inbreeding coefficient

57
Q

reductions in fertility, litter size and general viability due to
inbreeding

A

inbreeding depression

58
Q

process of fertilization where an egg is combined with

sperm outside the body

A

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

59
Q
  • technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside to mature in vitro (under laboratory conditions)
A

in vitro maturation (IVM)

60
Q

mating of animals in the same genetic line or selected groups
which are not highly related

A

line breeding

61
Q

mating of animals from different inbred lines

A

linecrossing

62
Q
  • alternative strategies for the mating of animals selected to be parents as they influence gene combinations received by progeny and, consequently, the degree of homozygosity or heterozygosity of the population; also called systems of mating
A

mating systems

63
Q

use of gonadotrophic hormones
to stimulate ovulation of large numbers of ova and then transplanting fertilized ova
(early embryos) to recipient females for pregnancy and parturition

A

multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)

64
Q 
breed that inhabit or originated from a particular area or region; also
called indigenous (or endemic)
A

native breed

65
Q

method of selecting and using breeding animals,
consisting of a small number of elite (high performing) breeding animals in a nucleus,
or upper tier, and a large number of animals in a lower tier

A

nucleus breeding program

66
Q

technique of letting the contents of ovarian

follicles and the oocytes inside to mature in vitro (under laboratory conditions)

A

oocyte recovery and maturation

67
Q

a more flexible type of nucleus breeding program

that allows animals from the lower tiers to contribute progeny to the upper tiers.

A

open nucleus breeding scheme

68
Q

mating of animals less closely related than the average of the group
to which they belong

A

outbreeding

69
Q

mating of unrelated animals within a particular breed; a form of
outbreeding

A

outcrossing

70
Q

record of an animal’s ancestral line or bloodline; also called ancestry or
family tree

A

pedigree

71
Q

actual variation observed among animals for each trait of

interest

A

phenotypic variation

72
Q

approx. ½ American Hereford, ⅜ Indian Nellore, and ⅛ Philippine
native cattle from Lipa, Batangas

A

Philamin cattle

73
Q

millions of copies of the DNA of interest are

rapidly made from minute starting quantities of DNA

A

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -

74
Q

study of gene and genotypic frequencies within a population
and the prediction of these frequencies in subsequent generations; also called see
statistical genetics

A

population genetics

75
Q

measurable traits that fall into clearly distinguishable categories;
also called categorical trait

A

qualitative traits

76
Q

study of inheritance of quantitative characters that vary

continuously

A

quantitative genetics

77
Q

traits which do not fall into discrete categories but are measured
on a continuous scale

A

quantitative traits

78
Q

percentage of replacement (or purchased) animals used in
livestock production systems with continuous turnover of breeding animals (usually
females)

A

replacement rate

79
Q

number of offspring produced by a sire or dam in a year

A

reproductive rate

80
Q

applied techniques used in vivo or in vitro to alter the
reproductive rate or the whole reproductive process; also called reproductive
biotechnologies or artificial breeding

A

reproductive technologies

81
Q

process of choosing animals to be the parents of the next generation

A

selection

82
Q

traits that can be

improved corresponding to traits in the breeding objectives

A

selection criteria

83
Q

relative measure of how much the average performance of
those individuals which are selected to be parents, will exceed the average of all
individuals in their generation

A

selection intensity

84
Q

mating of animals belonging to different species (interspecific
cross) or different genus (inter-generic cross)

A

species hybridization

85
Q

commercial crossbreeding program wherein the

crossbred progeny never enters the breeding populations

A

terminal crossbreeding

86
Q

line, breed or crossbreds that are selected for growth

performance and used as sires in the terminal crossbreeding program

A

terminal sire line

87
Q

breed that occur in more than one country or region

A

transboundary breed

88
Q

Biochemical compound consisting of a CHAIN OF NUCLEOTIDES or polynucleotide

A

DNA

89
Q

Nucleotide is consists of what?

A

phosphate, sugar, base

90
Q

Four bases

A

PUAG
PUrines
Adenine and Guanine

91
Q

alternative form of a gene

A

Allele

92
Q

Individual carrying similar alleles

A

Homozygote

93
Q

individual carrying different alleles

A

heterozygote

94
Q

fails to express itself

A

recessive allele (b)

95
Q

expresses itself completely or partially over the other allele

A

Dominant allele, A & B

96
Q

reference for resemblance between parent & offspring

A

Heritability

97
Q

Formula of heritability

A

Additive genetic/ phenotypic variance

98
Q

Bases for selection

A
  1. Physical characteristics
  2. Individual performance
  3. EBV
  4. MAS, marker, gene
99
Q

set of rules for making mating decisions

A

mating system

100
Q

mating animals having similar phenotype

A

Positive Assortative Mating

101
Q

mating animals having dissimilar phenotype

A

Negative assortative mating

102
Q

Correct faults of parents on offspring

A

corrective mating

103
Q

type of inbreeding which it increased the homozygosity & prepotency of offspirng

A

Inbreeding

104
Q

sum of independent or additive effects of genes

-genetic merit based on sum of genes

A

Breeding value

105
Q

highly heritable

A

carcass quality

106
Q

moderately heritable

A

growth, milk production

107
Q

lowly heritable

A

fertility or reproduction

108
Q

it is the same with independent gene effect

A

Additive genetic effects

109
Q

dependent of interaction

-expression of genes at one locus depends on gene combination

A

Dominance and epistasis

110
Q

Different forms

of the same gene are called

A

Allele

111
Q

summing up of effects of alleles of
a gene and of effects of genes at different chromosome locations to make up
a trait.

A

Additive gene action

112
Q

one allele overriding or dominating

another at the same locus.

A

Dominance gene action

113
Q

refers to the interaction of different genes so that
they tend to enhance each other or cancel each other out, rather than adding
together.

A

Epistatic gene action

114
Q

-most important
for genetic improvement since it can be influenced by selection programs
-most of the genetic variation behind
most of the economically important traits in swine so it is the best place for us
to focus our efforts.

A

Additive gene action

115
Q
  • part of the cell

- complete set of genetic instruction

A

Genome

116
Q

-one pair of genes segregate independently of the other pairs

A

Law of Independent Assortment

117
Q

What are the four bases of selection

A
  1. Physical characteristics
  2. Individual performance
  3. EBV
  4. MAS, marker, gene
118
Q

-derived from phenotype without knowledge of the genes that affect traits of interest.

A

Estimated Breeding Value

119
Q

True or false.

Molecular genetic information is not affected by the environment

A

TRUE

120
Q

correct faults of parents

A

corrective mating

121
Q

causes certain genotypes to perform well under certain environments than other genotypes

A

Genotype and Environment Interaction (GxE)

122
Q

technique when embryo is collected from donor parent and implanted into the uterus of recipient parent

A

embryo transfer

123
Q

a 16-32 cell embryo is removed from donor and each cell is separated from each other

A

Nuclear transfer

124
Q
  • laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell
  • nucleus of somatic cell is removed and transferred to an enucleated egg cell
A

somatic cell nuclear transfer

125
Q

detecting DNA variants

A

genotyping

Animal Science (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions