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Animal Science > Animal Science (Dairy Portion) > Flashcards

Animal Science (Dairy Portion) Flashcards

1
Q

Philippine dairy industry consists of two distinct sectors

A
  1. huge importing

2. processing sector

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2
Q

milk products and the small milk producing sector composed

A
  1. formal

2. informal groups

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3
Q

smallholder producers

A

1 to 10 head

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4
Q

smallholder producers with growing dairy herds

A

20 to about 75 head of milk animals

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5
Q

maintains farm, operating milk pasteurizing plant,

undertake marketing of milk in urban centers

A

producer-processors

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6
Q

procure raw milk from smallholders

A

producer-processors

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7
Q

Philippines’ milk producing sector may be characterized, on the whole, as a __________

A

smallholder-based sector

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8
Q

average milk production of cattle per day

A

12 liters/day

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9
Q

average milk production of carabao per day

A

4.5 liters/day

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10
Q

average milk production of goat per day

A

1 to 2 liters/day

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11
Q

top Philippine dairy export items in 2021

A

cream, ice drops/ice milk, and

condensed milk

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12
Q

conventional dairy breeds of cattle were developed mainly from

A

taurine

species

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13
Q

considered as milk cattle in Bos indicus breeds

A

Sahiwal and Red Sindhi

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14
Q

choosing cattle

A

breed adaptability and high salvage value

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15
Q

Sahiwal + Holstein-Friesian

A 
Australian
Friesian Sahiwal (AFS)
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16
Q

Domesticated cattle are normally classified into two major groups

A
  1. European or
    temperate (Bos Taurus) and
    2) Zebu (Bos indicus).
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17
Q

“the humped cattle”

A

Tropical dairy cattle breeds (Bos indicus)

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18
Q

characteristic of inferior breeding efficiency

A

Infertility or lowered fertility rate

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19
Q

Infertility or lowered fertility rate

A

animals that are not sterile but produce semen of lower quality

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20
Q

Spermatozoa are produced in the _____________ _____________of the testis

A

seminiferous tubules

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21
Q

pertains to estrous and menstrual cycles which provide females with repeated opportunities to become pregnant.

A

Reproductive cyclicity

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22
Q

used to identify a condition related to estrus.

A

Estrual

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23
Q

period of a milking cow is

A

305 days

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24
Q

This period allows mammary gland sufficient time to repair, recover, and acquire new cells, which allows maximum milk production for the following lactation.

A

50 to 60 day dry period

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25
Q

heifers must reach sexual maturity and become pregnant at __________

A

14 to 15 months of age to calve at 24 months of age

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26
Q

breeding should begin when the bodyweight of the heifers is around _____________

A

250 to 300 kg.

27
Q

period between two successive parturitions.

A

Calving interval

28
Q

proportion of cows open for more than 120 days should be less than ____________

A

10% of the herd

29
Q

period between calving and

the time cows are allowed to be inseminated.

A

voluntary waiting period (VWP)

30
Q

Complete uterine involution takes approximately _________

A

45 days

31
Q

annual culling rate due to reproductive problems (e.g.,

fertility) should not be higher than

A

10%

32
Q

_____ amd ______ were the top reasons

identified for cow mortality.

A

Mastitis and calving problems

33
Q

The incidence of mastitis in the herd should be less than

A

5%.

34
Q

Calving interval

A

12 to 13 months

35
Q

Average days open

A

85 to 110 days

36
Q

Average days open to 1st breeding (VWP)

A

45 to 60 days

37
Q

synthesis, secretion and removal of milk from the mammary gland

A

Lactation

38
Q

__________ are ingested by the
neonate and are transported unaltered into the cells of the gut mucosa to provide
immunity.

A

Immunoglobulins

39
Q

Peak milk production occurs around weeks______ of lactation.

A

6 to 8 weeks

40
Q

refers to the ability of the cow to maintain its milk production after reaching its peak.

A

Persistency

41
Q

Allowing a period of rest will help the uterus to return to its normal size and condition after giving birth

A

uterine involution

42
Q

preparation stage should last between

A

2-6 hours

43
Q

Normal calving duration for heifer is

A

3 to 4 hours

44
Q

the cow’s calving duration is

A

30 mins to 2 hours

45
Q

Fetal membranes should be expelled within

A

8 to 12 hrs to avoid retained placenta

46
Q

difficulty in calving

A

dystocia

47
Q

stimulates the respiratory center in the brain.

A

Doxapram hydrochloride

48
Q

On the 2nd and 8th milking, colostrum changes into

A

transitional milk

49
Q

colustrum can be frozen at a temperature

A

temperature of -20 °C.

Thaw first and then warm to 45 °C

50
Q

uses caustic soda or caustic potash which has corrosive properties to destroy the actively growing cells along the horn buttons.

A

Chemical disbudding

51
Q

female cattle under two years old that has not yet given birth.

A

Heifers

52
Q

Heifer herd can be grouped into three namely:

A
  • growing animals (3 to 12 months),
  • yearling heifers (12 months to breeding size),
  • breedable heifers (breeding size to calving).
53
Q

Separate female from male animals beginning __________ of age

A

6 months

54
Q

caused by Pasteurella multocida, characterized by an acute, highly fatal septicemia (blood poisoning) with high morbidity and mortality.

A

Hemorrhagic septicaemia

55
Q

produces a bald area along the surface of the skin due to the destruction of hair follicles.

A

fire branding

56
Q

Liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) is used in this form of branding to create a mark on the skin.

A

Freeze Branding

57
Q

complete absence of reproductive ability, describes animals

that cannot reproduce.

A

Sterility

58
Q

Infertility or lowered fertility rate,

A

characteristic of inferior breeding

efficiency, describes animals that are not sterile but produce semen of lower quality

59
Q

pertains to estrous and menstrual cycles which provide females with repeated opportunities to become pregnant.

A

Reproductive cyclicity

60
Q

run from 18 to 24 days or an average of 21 days (heifers has a range of 20 ± 2 days while cows has 21 ± 4 days).

A

Estrous cycle

61
Q

During this phase, the primary ovarian structures are growing dominant follicles that produce the primary reproductive hormone, estradiol.

A

Follicular Phase

During this phase, the primary ovarian structures are

62
Q

The dominant ovarian structures during this phase are the corpora lutea (CL) and the primary reproductive hormone is progesterone.

A

Luteal Phase

63
Q

estrus that the female displays a characteristic mating posture

A

lordosis

64
Q

This is done by manually examining the reproductive tract of the cow particularly the ovaries, corpus luteum and uterus through the rectum

A

Rectal Palpation Method

Animal Science (20 decks)

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