Animal Breeding Lab Flashcards
improvement of animals by changing
their genetic abilities for economically important traits such as the quantity,
quality, efficiency, and value of their products.
Animal breeding
specification of the
traits to be improved including the emphasis given to each trait; it gives the direction in which we want to improve the population.
breeding goal or objective
systematic
measurement of various indicators of animal performance and the use of that information in decision-making process.
Animal Performance Recording (APR)
core component of any animal recording system;
all animals measured
and recorded should be identifiable.
Animal identification system (AIS)
Classification of Breeds based on Origin
- Native or indigenous
- Exotic or introduced
Classification of Breeds based on Geographical Availability
- Local
- Transboundary
A distinguishing characteristic or a particular feature, typically belonging to an individual,
Trait
Classification of Quantitative Traits
- reproduction
- production
- product quality
- type and conformation
- adaptation and robustness
determine the
number and viability of the progenies
Reproduction Traits
performance of
the animal in productive terms but must be defined as to
the period of time involved;
Production Traits
affects the acceptability and economic value of the animal product.
Product Quality Traits
aesthetic nature where personal preference is important with/without bearing on animal performance.
Type and Conformation Traits
animal more fit under the conditions of its
environment.
Adaptation and Robustness traits
described by a mean (x) and measures of variation. To describe the variation, sample standard deviation (σ), sample variance (σ2) and coefficient of variation (CV) can be used.
Population Measures
_______ usually refers to the
differences among animals within a population and it is the source
of genetic improvement.
variation
standard deviation by the mean. It is useful for comparing the degree of variation from one trait to another, even if the units are different.
Coefficient of Variation
process in which some individuals are chosen over
others as parents of the next generation.
Selection
-form of outbreeding
-mating of animals
belonging to different genetic groups.
crossbreeding
performance of the crossbred
offspring is better than the average of the parental breeds
hybrid vigor
or heterosis.
Improvement of
performance due to mating systems depend on ______ or _______ of the animals in the breeding population.
heterozygosity or
homozygosity
adjusting animal performance records based on known environmental, non-genetic (e.g., age) factors to avoid computational biases.
-used in selection.
Standardization of Animal Performance Records
The best method for selecting for more than one trait is
selection index
Strategies for mating animals selected to be parents is called
Mating Systems
genotype or performance of ancestors
and/or collateral relatives of an individual
Pedigree
