Animal Nutrition Lab Exam Flashcards
Any material grown or processed to be fed to
livestock and poultry to sustain life
Feed
Feed affects farm _______ and farm_______
accounts for __% of the total farm expenses
- productivity, profitability
- 80%
What is the GOAL of Feed
Know WHEN and HOW to use different feeds suitable for different SPECIES and CLASSES of farm animals
What is the Basic Function of Feeds?
To provide nutrients for:
- Energy production
- Regulation of body processes and formation of
body-produced regulators
- Building and maintenance of body structure
- feed materials containing more than 18% crude fiber
* generally low in energy content (<60% TDN)
ROUGHAGE
Insoluble carbohydrate fraction: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
Crude fiber
- Relative energy value of the feed
- digestible protein + digestible fiber + (digestible fat x 2.25) + digestible nitrogen-free extract
Total digestible nutrients (TDN)
- 6-10% Crude protein
* <0.9% Calcium
Grass
- > 10.5% Crude protein
* <0.9% Calcium
Legume and other forages
forage harvested
and dried for later use
Hay
fresh herbage cut
and chopped in the field;
offered to animals in
confinement
Soilage
fermented forage
stored in a silo
Silage
crop byproducts left in the field after harvest of the major crop e.g., rice straw and corn stover
Crop residues
- Feeds that are low in fiber (<18% crude fiber)
- Contain high in energy content (>60% TDN)
- Energy feeds and Protein feeds (animal or plant origin
CONCENTRATE
- Contain medium to high energy
- Less than 18% crude protein
- Cereal grains, milling by-products, and processed tubers
Energy feeds
example of energy feeds
Yellow corn, rice bran, feed wheat, sorghum, cassava meal
• >47% crude protein; >1.0% calcium; >1.5% phosphorus;
<2.5% crude fiber
• By-products from meat packaging, dairy processing and
marine industries
Animal protein feeds
• >20% crude protein; <1.0% calcium; <1.5% phosphorus;
>2.5% crude fiber
• End products of oil extraction from a group of seeds
Plant protein feeds
example of plant protein feeds
soybean meal, copra meal
a semi-concentrated source of 1 or more nutrients
used to enhance the nutritional adequacy of a ration
FEED SUPPLEMENT
- Feedstuffs carrying large amounts of pure amino acids
* Essential vs non-essential amino acids
Synthetic amino acids
Examples of Synthetic amino acids
DL-methionine, L-lysine
Feedstuffs rich in one or more of the inorganic elements needed to perform certain essential body functions
Mineral supplements
Organic substances required by animals in very small amounts for regulating various body processes toward normal health, growth, production and reproduction
-Provided in the form of vitamin premix
Vitamin supplements
