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Animal Science > Animal Nutrition Lab Exam > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Lab Exam Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Any material grown or processed to be fed to

livestock and poultry to sustain life

A

Feed

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2
Q

Feed affects farm _______ and farm_______

accounts for __% of the total farm expenses

A
  • productivity, profitability

- 80%

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3
Q

What is the GOAL of Feed

A

Know WHEN and HOW to use different feeds suitable for different SPECIES and CLASSES of farm animals

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4
Q

What is the Basic Function of Feeds?

A

To provide nutrients for:
- Energy production
- Regulation of body processes and formation of
body-produced regulators
- Building and maintenance of body structure

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5
Q
  • feed materials containing more than 18% crude fiber

* generally low in energy content (<60% TDN)

A

ROUGHAGE

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6
Q

Insoluble carbohydrate fraction: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin

A

Crude fiber

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7
Q
  • Relative energy value of the feed

- digestible protein + digestible fiber + (digestible fat x 2.25) + digestible nitrogen-free extract

A

Total digestible nutrients (TDN)

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8
Q
  • 6-10% Crude protein

* <0.9% Calcium

A

Grass

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9
Q
  • > 10.5% Crude protein

* <0.9% Calcium

A

Legume and other forages

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10
Q

forage harvested

and dried for later use

A

Hay

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11
Q

fresh herbage cut
and chopped in the field;
offered to animals in
confinement

A

Soilage

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12
Q

fermented forage

stored in a silo

A

Silage

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13
Q

crop byproducts left in the field after harvest of the major crop e.g., rice straw and corn stover

A

Crop residues

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14
Q
  • Feeds that are low in fiber (<18% crude fiber)
  • Contain high in energy content (>60% TDN)
  • Energy feeds and Protein feeds (animal or plant origin
A

CONCENTRATE

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15
Q
  • Contain medium to high energy
  • Less than 18% crude protein
  • Cereal grains, milling by-products, and processed tubers
A

Energy feeds

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16
Q

example of energy feeds

A

Yellow corn, rice bran, feed wheat, sorghum, cassava meal

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17
Q

• >47% crude protein; >1.0% calcium; >1.5% phosphorus;
<2.5% crude fiber
• By-products from meat packaging, dairy processing and
marine industries

A

Animal protein feeds

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18
Q

• >20% crude protein; <1.0% calcium; <1.5% phosphorus;
>2.5% crude fiber
• End products of oil extraction from a group of seeds

A

Plant protein feeds

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19
Q

example of plant protein feeds

A

soybean meal, copra meal

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20
Q

a semi-concentrated source of 1 or more nutrients

used to enhance the nutritional adequacy of a ration

A

FEED SUPPLEMENT

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21
Q
  • Feedstuffs carrying large amounts of pure amino acids

* Essential vs non-essential amino acids

A

Synthetic amino acids

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22
Q

Examples of Synthetic amino acids

A

DL-methionine, L-lysine

23
Q

Feedstuffs rich in one or more of the inorganic elements needed to perform certain essential body functions

A

Mineral supplements

24
Q

Organic substances required by animals in very small amounts for regulating various body processes toward normal health, growth, production and reproduction
-Provided in the form of vitamin premix

A

Vitamin supplements

25
Q

vitamins under fat-soluble

A

A,D,E,K

26
Q

water-soluble

A

B,C

27
Q

non-nutritive substances that when added to diets may improve the performance and feed efficiency of livestock
and poultry

A

FEED ADDITIVE

28
Q

antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes,
acidifiers, antioxidants, mold inhibitors, toxin binders and
flavor enhancers are examples of _______

A

FEED ADDITIVE

29
Q

-Assessment of the nutrient value and presence
of adulterants or toxic substances in the feed
• Quality control of raw materials and mixed feeds

A

Feed Quality Control

30
Q

Methods of determining feed quality:

A

I. Physical evaluation
II. Chemical evaluation
III. Microbiological assay
IV. Biological evaluation

31
Q

These two are under Physical evaluation

A

– Ocular inspection

– Feed microscopy

32
Q

These two are under Chemical evaluation

A

– Proximate analysis

– Mineral analysis

33
Q

These two are under Microbiological assay

A

– Microbial count

– Mycotoxin determination

34
Q

These two are under Biological evaluation

A

– Feeding trial

– Digestion/ metabolism trial

35
Q

Examination of feed ingredients using the naked eye

A

Ocular Inspection

36
Q

– Study of the appearance of feed sample under the
microscope
– Determines the purity of the feed sample or detects
presence/ absence of adulterants

A

Feed Microscopy

37
Q

– Substances/ impurities of cheaper value and low
quality that are intentionally added to the feeds to
change its physical and chemical characteristics
– Adds to the bulk or weight of the feed

A

Adulterants

38
Q

– determination of the nutritive value of feeds.

  • Moisture
  • Crude fat (Ether extract)
  • Crude fiber
  • Crude protein
  • Ash
  • Nitrogen-free extract
A

Proximate Analysis (Weende Method)

39
Q 
- Drying a sample and
determining moisture
content by the
weight difference
between dry and wet
material
A

Moisture

40
Q
  • Fats are dissolved with
    organic solvent
    (petroleum ether)
A

Crude fat (Ether extract)

41
Q 
- Digestion with weak acid
(H2SO4) followed by the
digestion with weak alkali
(NaOH)
- Insoluble carbohydrate
fraction (cellulose,
hemicellulose and lignin)
A

Crude fiber

42
Q
  • Total inorganic matter
    (mineral) content in a
    feed
A

Ash

43
Q
  • Soluble fraction of carbohydrates such as

starch

A

Nitrogen-free extract (NFE)

44
Q

Formula of NFE

A

100 – (moisture + ash + crude protein + crude fat

+ crude fiber)

45
Q

Determine the presence of Salmonella spp. and
mycotoxin-producing fungi such as Aspergillus flavus
and Fusarium in feeds.

A

MICROBIAL EVALUATION

46
Q

a process by which different feed ingredients
are combined in a proportion necessary to
provide the animal with proper amount of
nutrients required at a particular stage of life

A

Feed Formulation

47
Q

Characteristics of a Good Ration

A
  • Safe,
  • Acceptable and palatable to the animal,
  • economical,
  • Nutritionally balanced
48
Q

– free from anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and toxic

substances

A

safe

49
Q

– stimulate feed intake and will not cause digestive

disturbances

A

Acceptable and palatable to the animal

50
Q

– cheap and efficient; least-cost ration

A

Economical

51
Q

– digestibility and availability of nutrients

A

Nutritionally balanced

52
Q

Steps in Feed Formulation
1. Know the species and _____ of animal for which a
ration is intended.
2. Determine the ________ _____ of animals.
3. Determine what ______
______are _________.
4. Know the ______ ______ and unit price of the feed ingredients.

A
  1. class
  2. nutrient requirements
  3. feed ingredients, available
  4. nutrient composition
53
Q

Steps in Feed Formulation
5. Consider the________ _____ ____ of some feed
ingredients.
6. Determine a ______ _______ of feedstuffs
that results to a good ration.
7. _____ ration for each nutrient content. Also
consider the cost per kg of mixed feed.

A
  1. limitation of usage
  2. suitable combination
  3. Check

Animal Science (20 decks)

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