Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Science > Agri 31 Lecture D > Flashcards

Agri 31 Lecture D Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

•study of the relationship between organisms and

their environment.

A

Ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

unit of the biosphere in which the community of

organisms interacts with the environment

A

Ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

model for the functioning of an agricultural

system with all its inputs and outputs

A

Agroecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

•application of ecological concepts and principles to the study, design and management
of agricultural systems
•seeks to evaluate the full effect of system inputs and outputs and to use this
knowledge to improve these systems
•Accounts for the need of both the ecosystem as a whole and the people within it

A

Agroecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

•interactive use of woody perennials with livestock and annual agricultural crops,
either sequentially or simultaneously
•to obtain greater outputs on a sustained basis

A

Agroforestry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • organisms that obtain nutrients from other organisms

* Heterotrophs (cannot synthesize their own food)

A

Consumers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

live off the wastes and dead remains of other organism

A

Detritus feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

•mainly of fungi and bacteria that are found in decaying organic material
•digest organic materials by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment then liberate
nutrients into the environment

A

Decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-graphical representation of the energy contained in succeeding levels
-maximum energy at the base (producers) and steadily diminishing amounts at higher
levels.

A

Ecological pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

produce organic compounds from inorganic compounds

A

Producers (autotrophs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
•storage of energy at each
trophic level
•only 10 of the energy
captured by organisms at
one trophic level is
converted into the bodies of
the organisms in the next
higher level
A

ECOLOGICAL

PYRAMID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

•when human activities produce more nutrients than the natural cycles or local
ecosystems could absorb
•when humans release into the environment chemicals and other items injurious
to life forms
•overproduction of substances natural to ecosystems

A

POLLUTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

release of large quantities of human and livestock waste into bodies of water

A

Eutrophication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • combustion of fossil fuels and deforestation

* excessive release of carbon dioxide

A

Greenhouse effect/global warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

oxides of sulfur and nitrogen through burning of fossil fuels

A

Acid rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mining and industrial processes

A

Heavy metal contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

•Slope is less that 18
•Water is contained by levees or dikes
•Where most of the intensive cropping activities
are carried out
•In the Philippines, rice is the major crop
•3.5 million hectares rice land;
•50 % is rainfed
•Rainfed areas are planted to mungbean, corn,
vegetables, tobacco during prolonged drought

A

Lowland production systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Problems with intensive cropping

systems

A
  • resource degradation
  • nutrient loading from fertilizers
  • water contamination from pesticides and herbicides
  • water logging
  • soil salinization
19
Q

solutions to/prevention of problems in intensive cropping systems

A
  • biological pest management
  • nutrient containment
  • improved water management
20
Q

•improve water movement through soil, aeration, water holding capacity, soil
aggregation and hydraulic conductivity
•decrease soil crusting and bulk density and hydraulic conductivity

A

organic matter augmentation

21
Q

Sustaining the productivity of lowland areas

A
  • proper choice of crop
  • crop rotation
  • organic matter augmentation
  • deep fertilizer placement
  • addition of organic matter to coincide with the crop nutrient demand
  • reduction in the use of synthetic fertilizers
  • proper water management
22
Q

•improves the efficient use of plant nutrients and nutrient cycling

A

reduction in the use of synthetic fertilizers

23
Q
  • Slopes > 18%**
  • Agriculture and forestry are practiced
  • Increasing population
A

UPLANDS

24
Q

•** the _________ are found in upland areas, but __________ utilizes lowland management system

A

rice terraces

rice production

25
Q
  • Vital support system for lowland and aquatic areas
  • Watersheds provide water for irrigation, power, households
  • Nutrients are brought by water to lowlands
  • Abode to indigenous communities
  • Source of plants/animals for food
  • Large collection of genetic stocks with potentially useful traits
A

Importance of UPLANDS

26
Q

Threats to upland areas

A
  • Increased population
  • Increased deforestation
    • More than half of the uplands have been deforested
    • Soil erosion a major problem
    • Upland farmers are the poorest in the agricultural sector
  • Need for technologies to improve fertility and productivity and conserve the topsoil
27
Q

(SALT 1)

A

Sloping agricultural land technology

1

28
Q

(SALT 2)

A

Simple agro

livestock technology 2

29
Q

(SALT 3)

A

Sustainable Agroforest Land Technology

30
Q

(SALT 4)

A

Small Agrofruit Livelihood Technology

31
Q

_________ is a production system that
sustains the health of soils, ecosystems and people.

It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs with adverse effects.

combines tradition,
innovation and science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.

A

Organic agriculture

32
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is the idea that if you
take the time to study the
relationships between different
natural systems you can design a
way to use their ecosystem
sustainably each year to produce a
yield.
A

Permaculture

33
Q

•total variability within all living organisms and the
ecological complexes they inhabit
•intraspecies variation in diversity or the variation of
diversity enclosed in one species

A

Biodiversity

34
Q
  • agricultural biodiversity

* genetic resources for food and agriculture

A

Agrobiodiversity

35
Q
  • variation of genes within species

* different traditional varieties of rice.

A

Genetic diversity

36
Q 
•variety of species within a given area or region
•different species of vegetables raised in backyard gardens in the
Philippine countryside (bahay kubo)
A

Species diversity

37
Q 
•boundaries of communities in association with species and
ecological system
     •coastal ecosystem
     •forest ecosystem
     •rice ecosystem
A

Ecosystem biodiversity

38
Q

•Source of food, medicine, fuel, construction
materials and other aesthetic, recreational, cultural
and research values
•Climate and water regulation
•Creation and protection of the soil
•Reduction of floods and soil erosion
•Natural control of agricultural pests
•Nutrient cycling and organic fertilizer source

A

IMPORTANCE OF AGROBIODIVERSITY

39
Q

Benefits of Crop diversification/multiple cropping

A
  1. Soil fertility
  2. Efficient nutrient utilization
  3. Pest and weed management
    - Examples: intercropping, relay cropping, alley cropping, multistorey cropping, crop rotation
40
Q
  1. Integrated farming system

Advantages of animals in cropping systems

A
  1. source of food (meat, eggs, milk and honey)
  2. used during land preparation
  3. used for transporting produce to the market
  4. serve as capital reserve
  5. source of organic fertilizers
  6. to control pests (golden apple snail or golden kuhol)
41
Q

Resource Conservation and

Regeneration

A
  • Soil
  • Water
  • Genetic resources
42
Q

Soil conservation /regeneration

A

1.Always keep the soil covered
2.Prevent soil erosion
3.Prevent the soil from being
chemically altered
4.Encourage health of beneficial
organisms
5.Grow leguminous crops

43
Q

Water conservation

A

•Minimize use of ground water
•Maximize/optimize the use of soil and subsoil water
•Optimize the use of rain water
•Maximize rain water infiltration
•Decrease evapotranspiration, percolation, seepage
and run off
1.improving soil structure and storage capacity
2.decreasing evaporation/evapotranspiration
3.improving water infiltration

44
Q

Genetic Resource Conservation in tissue culture

A

In vitro

Animal Science (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions