Physiological fluids Flashcards
What is intracellular fluid
Weak potassium chloride solution in water
What is extracellular fluid
Weak sodium chloride solution in water
Bathes cells
How are the intracellular and extracellular fluid separated
Via semi-permeable membranes
What is a molar and millimolar solution definition
“molecular weight of a substance in grams”, dissolved in a litre of water (1M)
“” /1000 dissolved in a litre of water (1mM)
What causes circulatory shock
Inadequate amount of substates
What is oedema
Watery fluid excess collect in cavities/tissues
What causes hyperkalaemia, what can this lead to
Potassium concentration in blood higher than normal
Causes abnormal heart rate - cardiac arrest
What causes hypokalaemia
Potassium deficiency in blood
If prolonged - kidney structure and function altered
Why is the interstitial fluid similar to plasma
Capillary wall is leaky
What does the blood consist of
45% blood cells
55% plasma cells
What does the plasma consist of
91% water
7% protein
0.9% mineral salt
What ions move freely across membrane
Potassium and Chloride
What adaptations are there for water homeostasis
Long loops of Henle - absorb more water
Sea water fish - dehydrated all time, constantly take in sea water actively excrete salts
Fresh water fish - water hypotonic compared to animal
What is water in body regulated by
Thirst centre
Antidiuretic hormone
What is the role of the hypothalamus in water regulation
Detect circulatory fluid change
