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Genes + Cells > Genes And Chromosomes > Flashcards

Genes And Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is mitosis

A

When a somatic (any cell that’s not reproductive) cell divides
Enables multicellular adult to arise from zygote

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2
Q

What is interphase

A

Cell growth DNA replicates

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3
Q

What is prophase

A

DNA starts to condense
Chromosomes are visible in cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane disintegrate

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4
Q

What is metaphase

A

Spindles attach to chromosomes

One chromosome per spindle fibre

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5
Q

What is anaphase

A

Sister chromatids separate at centromere, move to opposite poles of spindle

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6
Q

What is telophase

A

Spindles start to break down
Nuclear membrane reforms
Two daughter cells identical to parent cell (interphase cell)

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7
Q

What is meiosis

A

When a germ cell divides to form gametes

Daughter cells get one chromosome set - haploid all non-identical to parent

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8
Q

What is crossing over

A

Occurs between non-sister chromatids
Site of crossing over is chiasma
Chromatids break and rejoin

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9
Q

When does crossing over occur in meiosis

A

Prophase I

Allele combination can change

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10
Q

What is polyploidy

A

Condition in which cell/organism more than two sets of chromosome

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11
Q

What are homologous pairs

A

Same size, shape, make same banding pattern when stained
Same gene in same order
MAY HAVE DIFFERENT ALLELES

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12
Q

What is a karyotype

A

Complete set of all chromosomes of any living organism

Shows all homologous pairs

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13
Q

What is an autosome

A

Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome

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14
Q

What is a sex chromosome

A

In eukaryotes
Differs morphologically or in number in two sexes
Chromosomes determine sex

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15
Q

What are X-linked genes

A

Genes on X chromosome, on region non homologous to Y

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16
Q

What is homogametic sex

A

Two matching pairs of sex chromosomes

Can be homozygous or heterozygous X- X-

17
Q

What is heterogametic sex

A

X- Y

Hemizygous for genes (only one copy of a gene as only one X)

18
Q

Which stages of the cell cycle are interphase

A

G1 - growth

S - DNA replication

19
Q

What is G2 in cell cycle

A

Growth, cell prepares to divide

20
Q

What is the M in cell cycle

A

Mitosis - chromosomes partition, cytokinesis

21
Q

What is a germ cell

A

Cell containing half the number of chromosomes of a somatic cell and able to unite with one from the opposite sex to form a new individual; a gamete

22
Q

Which trait is usually inherited in fruit flies

A

Wild type

NOT mutant

23
Q

Why were no female fruit flies white eyed

A

The X sex chromosome carries the gene for eye colour

Genes + Cells (23 decks)

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