[PHYSIO] MUSCLE TONE DISORDERS Flashcards
Causes of hypotonia/flaccidity (6)
Neocerebellar lesion
Chorea
LMNL
Acute UMNL
Area 4 lesion
Increased Ca2+ levels
Decorticate rigidity is caused by lesion in
Upper midbrain
Above superior colliculus
Decerebrate rigidity is caused by lesion in?
lower midbrain (between superior colliculus & inferior colliculus)
Or
Upper pons
Decorticate rigidity severity
Moderate
Decerebrate rigidity severity
Marked‼️
Rubrospinal tract activity in decorticate rigidity
Intact
Rubrospinal tract activity in decerebrate rigidity
Decreased
Vestibulospinal tract activity in decorticate rigidity
Intact
Vestibulospinal tract activity in decerebrate rigidity
Intact
UL in decorticate rigidity
Flexed+adducted
LL+ head&neck in decorticate rigidity
Extended
UL in decerebrate rigidity
Extended
LL+ head&neck in decerebrate rigidity
Extended
Motor neuron activity in decorticate rigidity
Increased gamma motor neuron
Motor neuron activity in decerebrate rigidity
Increased alpha & gamma motor neuron activity
Spasticity definition
Initial resistance to passive movement followed by sudden release
Rigidity definition
Sustained resistance all throughout movement
Spasticity is caused by lesion in
UMNL
Rigidity is caused by lesion in
Substantia nigra
Spinal motor neuron activity in spasticity
Increased gamma motor neuron activity
Spinal motor neuron activity in rigidity
Increased alpha & gamma motor neuron activity
MAINLY ALPHA
Affected muscles in spasticity
Antigravity muscles
Affected muscles in rigidity?
Exception?
Mainly affected muscles?
All head and body muscles
Except= extraocular muscles
Mainly=Flexors
Direction of resistance in spasticity
Unidirectional
Direction of resistance in rigidity
Bidirectional
Effect of velocity on spasticity
Velocity dependent
Effect of velocity on rigidity
No effect
Character of rigidity in spasticity
Clasp knife
Character of rigidity in rigidity hypertonia
Cog wheel
Lead pipe
Example of rigidity characterized by continuous resistance
Lead pipe
Example of rigidity characterized by interrupted resistance
Cog wheel
Deep reflexes in spasticity
Exaggerated
Hyperreflexia
Deep reflexes in rigidity
Normo-reflexia