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CNS > [PHARMA] DRUG ABUSE > Flashcards

[PHARMA] DRUG ABUSE Flashcards

1
Q

drug abuse definition

A

intentional inappropriate use of psychoactive drugs seeking euphoria & resulting in harmful consequences

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2
Q

drug abuse results in

A

physical dependence
tolerance
addiction
cravings

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3
Q

abuse is more likely to occur with

A

short acting agents

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4
Q

pleasure/reward pathway components

A

NAc
VTA
PFC

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5
Q

pleasure/reward pathway components

A

NAc
VTA
PFC

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6
Q

info in reward system flows from

A

VTA–> NAc–>PFC

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7
Q

drugs acting on VTA

A

Cannabis
Nicotine
Alcohol
BZDs

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8
Q

drugs acting directly on NAc

A

Cocaine

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9
Q

final activation chemical in reward pathway

A

Dopamine

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10
Q

reward deficiency

A

prolonged drug use= DA neurons degeneration= ↓ DA in NAc= chronic anxiety, depression, inability to feel good

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11
Q

key elements of withdrawal stage

A

activation of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CFR) & Noradrenergic neurons (n amygdala) in dependence

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12
Q

alcohol mechanism of action

A

GABA-A allosteric modulator
NMDA Antagonist

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13
Q

delirium tremens seens in

A

alcohol withdrawal
barbiturates withdrawal

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14
Q

crawling bugs sensation seen in

A

alcohol withdrawal

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15
Q

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome symptoms

A

ophthalmoplegia
ataxia
confusion
psychosis

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16
Q

managements of alcohol abuse

A

*Disulfiram
*Acamprostate
Thiamine supplements
psychotherapy
Naltrexone

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17
Q

Disulfiram mechanism

A

antabuse
(-) acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase= acetyladehyde accumulation= nausea + vomiting + flushing
SO patient stops drinking to avoid this reaction

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18
Q

Disulfiram reaction

A

nausea + vomiting + flushing

19
Q

Acamprosate mechanism of action

A

weak NMDA antagonist
GABA-A activator
SO ↓ cravings

20
Q

management of nicotine abuse

A

*Varenicline
Nicotine gum, transdermal path, oral inhaler, nasal spray
Psychotherapy
Buproprion

21
Q

Varenicline mechanism of action

A

partial agonist at α2β4 receptor
blocks Nicotine from stimulating DA VTA system===>↓ cravings & withdrawal

22
Q

cocaine abuse management

A

Bupropion

23
Q

LSD abuse management

A

BZDs
Antipsychotics
calm patient during bad trip

24
Q

nicotine mechanism of action

A

(+) α2β4 nicotinic Ach receptor in VTA

25
Q

nicotine acute effects

A

euphoria
increased concentration
decreased anxiety
decreased appetite

26
Q

nicotine risk of chronic abuse

A

cancer
lung diseases
IHD

27
Q

withdrawal syndrome of nicotine

A

insomina
increased appetite
anxiety
aggression

28
Q

alcohol acute effects

A

euphoria
relaxation
self confidence

29
Q

withdrawal syndrome of alcohol

A

delirium tremens
crawling bugs hallucinations

30
Q

risk of alcoholism (7)

A

1-withdrawn homicidal/suicidal pt
2-liver cirrhosis
3-peptic ulcer
4-cardiomyopathy
5-peripheral neuropathy
6-dementia
7-THIAMINE DEFICIENCY & WERNICKE KORSAKOFF SYNDROME

31
Q

Cocaine acute effects

A

euphoria due to ↑catecholamines
increased alertness
decreased fatigue
insomnia

32
Q

intravenous cocaine intake leads to

A

intense euphoria (the rush)
↑risk of infections

33
Q

intranasal cocaine intake leads to

A

less euphoria (the high)
nasal septal perforation

34
Q

smoking cocaine leads to

A

intense euphoria+ easy route
↑ abuse

35
Q

cocaine withdrawal syndrome (6)

A

1-depression
2-disorientation
3-sleep
4-fatigue
5-overeating
6-apathy

36
Q

risks of chronic cocaine abuse

A

psychosis + hallucinations + delusions

37
Q

overdose toxicity of cocaine (7)

A

1-↑BP
2-MI
3-arrhythmia
4-cerebral accidents
5-convulsions
6-delusions
7-hallucinations

38
Q

LSD acute effects

A

euphoria
sensory changes
hallucinations
delusions
illusions
philosophical & creative thinking

39
Q

risks of LSD abuse

A

bad trips
flashbacks
psychosis

40
Q

long term effects of LSD & PCP

A

peristent psychosis
flashbacks

41
Q

Cannabis mechanism of action

A

THC act on C1 & V1 pain receptor

42
Q

acute effects of cannabis

A

euphoria
uncontrollable laughter
↓motor & mental skills
increased perception
time slows
hallucinations & delusions
philosophical & creative thinking

43
Q

risk of chronic cannabis abuse

A

↑ risk of psychosis
Red eyes (VD of conjunctival BV)
Gateway drug
Miscarriages
Ectopic pregnancy
Sexual & reproductive dysfunction
Apathy

44
Q

Cocaine abuse management

A

Dronabinol

CNS (29 decks)

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