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[HISTO] GREY & WHITE MATTER OF SPINAL CORD Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord enlargements?
why do they exist?

A

cervical
lumbar
because they innervate the extremeties

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2
Q

spinal nerves

A

31 pairs
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

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3
Q

spinal nerves are attached to spinal cord via

A

dorsal root
ventral root

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4
Q

dorsal root is purely

A

sensory (afferent)

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5
Q

ventral root is purely

A

motor (efferent)

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6
Q

nerve cells of dorsal root ganglion

A

pseudounipolar

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7
Q

what are the two processes of dorsal root ganglion cells

A

peripheral= dendrites=connected to receptors
central=axons

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8
Q

root fibers bifurcate into

A

long ascending fibers
short descending fibers

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9
Q

topography of spinal cord

A

2 symmetrical halves
separated by anterior medialn fissure
separated posteriorly by posterior median septum

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10
Q

two halves of spinal cord are connected by

A

gray & white commisures

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11
Q

fissures of spinal segments (5)

A

anterior median fissure
posterior median septum
anterior lateral sulcus
posterior lateral sulcus
posterior intermediate sulci

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12
Q

transverse section of spinal cord shows

A

H-shaped grey matter surrounded by white matter

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13
Q

grey matter consists of

A

two dorsal horns
two ventral horns
two lateral horns (thoracolumbar)
central canal

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14
Q

which type of cells line the central canal?

A

ependymal cells

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15
Q

lateral horns are present in

A

all thoracic segments
upper two/three lumbar segments

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16
Q

oval large spinal segment

A

cervical

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17
Q

rounded spinal segments

A

thoracic
lumbar
sacral

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18
Q

large spinal segments

A

cervical
lumbar

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19
Q

spinal segments w thin posterior horns

A

cervical
thoracic

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20
Q

spinal segments w thick posterior horns

A

lumbar
sacral

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21
Q

spinal segment w thin anterior horn

A

thoracic

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22
Q

spinal segments w thick anterior horn

A

cervical
lumbar
sacral

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23
Q

white matter is greater only in which spinal segment

A

cervical

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24
Q

grey mater spinal cord is formed of

A

multipolar cells
nerve cells + processes
neuroglia
blood capillaries
unmyelinated nerve fibers

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25
Q

cells of posterior horn & intermediate gray

A

golgi type i= long axons=form long ascending tracts
golgi type ii=short axons=terminate in gray matter near where they originate

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26
Q

nerve cells in grey matter are arranged in

A

nuclei

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27
Q

sensory nuclei

A

1-posteromarginal nuclei
2-substantial gelatinosa
3-nucleus proprius
4-reticular nucleus
5-dorsal nucleus of Clark
6-intermedio-medial nucleus
7-post & ant grey commisural nuclei

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28
Q

Clarke’s nucleus is found in

A

C8-L3

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29
Q

motor nuclei are

A

somatic efferents
axons innvervate skeletal muscle

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30
Q

motor nuclei types

A

large alpha neurons
small gamma neurons

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31
Q

large alpha neurons innervate

A

extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers

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32
Q

small gamma neurons innervate

A

contractile part of intrafusal fibers

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33
Q

two groups of motor nucleui of anterior horn

A

medial nuclear group
lateral nuclear group

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34
Q

medial nuclear group is divided into

A

antro-medial nucleus= all levels
postro-medial nucleus= cervical + lumbar

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35
Q

nuclei of medial nuclear group supply

A

muscles of neck & back

36
Q

muscles attached to axial skeleton are supplied by

A

antro-medial & postro-medial nucleus

37
Q

lateral nuclear group is divided into

A

anterior nucleus
antro-lateral nucleus
postro-lateral nucleus
retropostro-lateral nucleus
central nucleus

38
Q

lateral nuclear group subdivisions in thoracic segments

A

NONE
groups form one nucleus only

39
Q

lateral nucleus is found in

A

cervical
lumbar

40
Q

most medial muscles are supplied by

A

most medial nuclei

41
Q

most distal muscles are supplied by

A

most lateral nuclei

42
Q

hands are supplied by

A

retropostrolateral column of CERVICAL segments

43
Q

feet are supplied by

A

retropostrolateral column of LUMBAR segments

44
Q

flexor muscles are supplied by

A

dorsal cell columns

45
Q

extensor muscles are supplied

A

ventral cell columns

46
Q

nuclei of lateral horn

A

intermedio-lateral nucleus

47
Q

intermedio-lateral nuclei are found in

A

T1-L2 or L3

48
Q

sacral autonomic nuclei

A

S2-S4
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

49
Q

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise from

A

sacral autonomic nuclei

50
Q

preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise from

A

intermedio-lateral nucleus

51
Q

lamina

A

region w similar properties of neurons such as size, shape, packing, density, cytological features

52
Q

lamina I corresponds to

A

posteromarginal nucleus

53
Q

lamina II corresponds to

A

substantian gelatinosa

54
Q

lamina III & IV corresponds to

A

nucleus proprius

55
Q

lamina V extends across

A

neck of posterior horn

56
Q

lamina V is divided into?
EXCEPTION?

A

medial & lateral parts
EXCEPT in thoracic segments

57
Q

lamina V lateral part corresponds to

A

reticular nucleus

58
Q

lamina VI extends across

A

base of posterior horn

59
Q

lamina VI is divided into

A

medial & lateral parts

60
Q

lamina VII corresponds to

A

Clarke’s nucleus
intermediomedial nucleus
intermediolateral nucleus

61
Q

lamina VIII recieves termination of

A

extrapyramidal tracts

62
Q

lamina receiving termination of extrapyramidal tracts

A

lamina VIII

63
Q

lamina VIII extends across

A

medial part of anterior horn

64
Q

lamina IX corresponds to

A

nuclear groups of anterior horn (med & lat motor groups)

65
Q

lamina X represents

A

central gray substance surrounding central canal

66
Q

position of white matter in spinal cord

A

peripheral

67
Q

white matter is divided into (3)

A

posterior white column
anterior white column
lateral white column

68
Q

posterior white column position

A

b/w posteromedial septum (midline) & entry of posterior nerve roots

69
Q

lateral white column position

A

b/w entry of post nerve roots & emergence of ant roots

70
Q

anterior white column position

A

b/w emergence of anterior nerver roots & anteromedial fissure

71
Q

anterior white column position

A

b/w emergence of anterior nerves roots & anteromedial fissure (midline)

72
Q

white matter is formed of (4)

A

myelinated nerve fibers
neuroglia
blood vessels
grouped into tracts

73
Q

tract definition

A

group of nerve fibers w same origin, course, termination & function

74
Q

tracts of white matter

A

long tracts
short tracts

75
Q

long tracts of white matter are divided into

A

ascending=exteroceptive tracts & proprioceptive tracts

descending=pyramidal & extrapyramidal tracts

76
Q

short tracts of white matter are divided into (5)

A

1-comma-shaped tract
2-septomarginal tract
3-lissauer’s tract
4-fasciculus proprius tract
5-exteroceptive ascending tracts

77
Q

exteroceptive ascending short tract function

A

carry temp, pain, crude touch to sensory tract

78
Q

tracts extending beyond spinal cord

A

long tracts

79
Q

tracts ending in spinal cord

A

short tracts

80
Q

which type of ascending tract is the spinothalamic tract

A

exteroceptive

81
Q

which type of ascending tract is the dorsal column tract

A

proprioceptive

82
Q

tracts of conscious proprioception

A

gracile
cuneate

83
Q

tracts of unconscious proprioception

A

anterior spinocerebellar
posterior spinocerebellar
spino-olivary
collateral of cuneate tract

84
Q

sensations reaching cortex

A

conscious proprioception

85
Q

sensations stopping at the cerebellum

A

unconscious proprioception

86
Q

nuclei responsible for the transmission of visceral afferent impulses

A

intermedio-medial nucleus

CNS (29 decks)

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