[HISTO] BRAINSTEM

Question 1

central canal still found in

Answer 1

closed medulla

Question 2

central canal replaced by 4th ventricle in

Answer 2

open medulla

Question 3

rostral part of medulla

Answer 3

open medulla

Question 4

caudal part of medulla

Answer 4

closed medulla

Question 5

pyramidal decussation of medulla

Answer 5

corticospinal decussation

Question 6

sensory decussation of medulla

Answer 6

internal arcuate fibers (medial lemniscus, G&C)

Question 7

spinal nucleus of trigeminal replaces

Answer 7

substantia gelatinosa

Question 8

descending spinal trigeminal tract replaces

Answer 8

Lissaure’s tract

Question 9

core of medulla is formed by

Answer 9

RF

Question 10

internal features of medulla (6)

Answer 10

1-pyramidal decussation
2-sensory decussation
3-V spinal nucleus replaces substantia gelatinosa
4- V spinal tract replaces Lissaure’s tract
5- 4th ventricle appearance
6-RF forms core of medulla

Question 11

2% of corticospinal fibers descend in

Answer 11

anterolateral funiculus

Question 12

90% of corticospinal fibers descend in

Answer 12

lateral funiculus

Question 13

90% of corticospinal fibers form

Answer 13

lateral corticospinal tracts

Question 14

2% of corticospinal fibers form

Answer 14

anterolateral corticospinal tracts

Question 15

8% of corticospinal fibers form

Answer 15

anterior corticospinal tract

Question 16

function of motor decussation

Answer 16

voluntary motor control by contralateral cortex

Question 17

G&C nuclei location?
G&C tract location?

Answer 17

dorsal aspect of medulla
posterior to nuclei

Question 18

course of sensory decussation

Answer 18

myelinated fibers join to form internal arcuate fibers–>decussate & ascend–>medial lemniscus>VPLN

Gracile= MEDIAL
sacral= ANTERIOR

Cuneate= LATERAL
cervical=POSTERIOR

Question 19

nuclei of medulla

Answer 19

9-12th nuclei
accessory cuneate nuclei
arcuate nuclei
olivary nuclear complex
RF nuclei

Question 20

accessory cuneate nucleus site

Answer 20

lateral to cuneate n

Question 21

arcuate nucleus site

Answer 21

anterior aspect of pyramid

Question 22

arcuate nuclei represents

Answer 22

caudally displaced pontine nucleui

Question 23

accessory cuneate receives fibers from?
sends fibers to?

Answer 23

cervical & thoracic spinal ganglia
ipsilateral cerebellum

Question 24

accessory cuneate nucleus forms

Answer 24

dorsal external arcuate fibers (cuneaocerebellar)

Question 25

arcuate nucleus fibers form

Answer 25

anterior external arcuate fibers

Question 26

dorsal external arcuate fibers

Answer 26

accessory cuneate fibers

Question 27

anterior external arcuate fibers

Answer 27

arcuate fibers

Question 28

function of accessory cuneate nucleus

Answer 28

unconscious proprioception of UL & neck

Question 29

nucleus which is equivalent to Clarke's nucleus

Answer 29

accessory cuneate nucleus

Question 30

arcuate nucleus function

Answer 30

receives afferents from cortex, sends to cerebellum

Question 31

trigeminal spinal nucleus site

Answer 31

medial to tract

Question 32

trigeminal spinal nucleus afferents

Answer 32

from trigeminal spinal tract

Question 33

spinal trigeminal tract originates from

Answer 33

trigeminal spinal ganglion

Question 34

trigeminal spinal tract terminates in

Answer 34

trigeminal spinal nucleus

Question 35

function of spinal trigeminal tract + nucleus

Answer 35

carry pain + temp of face & mucous membranes of face

Question 36

course of spinal trigeminal tract

Answer 36

originates from trigeminal spinal ganglion-->cross and ascend as trigeminal leminscus---> VPMN-->cortex

Question 37

types of arcuate fibers in closed medulla

Answer 37

internal arcuate anterior external arcuate dorsal external arcuate

Question 38

RF controls

Answer 38

muscle activity somatic + visceral sensations autonomic + endocrine nervous systems arousal + consciousness

Question 39

lesion of RF leads to

Answer 39

loss of consciousness & death

Question 39

lesion of RF leads to

Answer 39

loss of consciousness & death

Question 40

internal features of open medulla

Answer 40

Hypoglossal trigone Vagal trigone appearance of 4th ventricle appearance of ICP appearance inferior olivary complex

Question 41

RF afferents

Answer 41

spinal cord cortex DCNs

Question 42

RF efferents

Answer 42

ascending: central tegmental--> thalamus descending: reticulospinal-->spinal cord

Question 43

inferior olivary complex consists of

Answer 43

principal inf olivary nucleus medial accessory nucleus dorsal accessory nucleus

Question 44

inferior olivary complex afferents

Answer 44

cortex spinal cord red nucleus BS: vestibular nucleus+ spinal of V

Question 45

inferior olivary efferent

Answer 45

olivocerebellar--> cerebellum via ICP end as climbing fibers= (+)purkinje

Question 46

olivocerebellar fibers function

Answer 46

motor learning

Question 47

afferents of ICP (7)

Answer 47

posterior spinocerebellar cuneocerebellar anterior external arcuate vestibulo-cerebellar reticulo-cerebellar olivo-cerebellar para-olivo-cerebellar