[MICRO] BACTERIAL MENINGITIS Flashcards
Gram +ve agents
Clostridium
GBS
Pneumococci
Listeria
Gram -ve agents
Neisseria
H.influenza
gram +ve
spore forming
motile bacilli
non capsulated
Clostridium
Habitat of clostridium
GIT (human+animals)
Soil
isolation of clostridium is done by
Robertson cooked meat media–>blood agar @ 37 degrees, 12 days, anaerobic=
BETA HEMOLYSIS
MOI of tetanus
contaminated wound
gun shot
animal bite
contaminated umbilicus
contaminated instruments
source of Cl. tetani
soil
virulence of Cl. tetani
Tetanospasmin
Tetanolysin
pathogenesis of Tetanus
spores germinate @ site of infection
bind to AHCs
(-) GABA+ Glycin
= MUSCLE SPASM
blood invasion in tetanus
N/A
incubation period of tetanus
1 week
Clinical picture of tetanus
muscle spasm
lock jaw, trismus, risus sardonicus
paralysis of respiratory muscles
convulsions
tetanus can be fatal due to
paralysis of respiratory muscles
specimen of Cl. tetani
wound exudate
toxin detection in tetanus by
culturing isolated colony on blood agar containing antitoxin
after incubation: no hemolysis=
✓TOXIN
active immunization in tetanus
toxoid DTaP= children + every 10 years
Tdap= adolescents+ adults= booster
passive immunization in tetanus
antitoxin= 4w protection
TTT of tetanus
passive-active immunization (toxoid+antitoxin)
ventilator
dark room
wound cleaning
BZDs
antigenic types of tetanospasmin
one type
gram +ve bacilli
H2S +ve
liquefy gelatin
Cl. botulinum
antigenic types of botulinum neurotoxin
8 antigenically different types
antigenic types of neurotoxin that causes human botulism
A,B, E
source of botulism
soil
botulism neurotoxin cc
8 antigenically different types
A,B,E= human botulism
(-) Ach
Destroyed by heating 100° for 20min
biological warfare level A
biological warfare level A
botulism neurotoxin
pathogenesis of botulism
1-anaerobic conditions
2-spores vegetation
3-neurotoxin in food
4-ingestion
5- (-) Ach
6- Flaccid paralysis
prevention of botulism
proper canning
proper cooking
discarding swollen cans
TTT of botulism
trivalent antitoxin
ventilation
highest risk foods in case of botulism
alkaline vegetables
green beans
salted fish
mushrooms
infantile botulism caused by
ingestion of honey
incubation period of Cl.botulinum
3 days
Classical botulinum & wound botulinum clinical picture
cranial nerve paralysis
diplopia
dysphagia
git manifestations of botulinum
N/A
specimen in botulinum
food, gastric lavage
toxin detection in botulinum
PCR
Animal testing
ELISA
neonatal meningitis caused by
GBS
E.coli
Listeria
meningitis in infants caused by
Pneumococci
Neisseria
H.influenza
MOI of meningitis
blood
direct extension= OM/sinusitis
Trauma to skull
MC MOI in meningitis
hematogenous
pathogenesis of meningitis
nasopharyngeal colonization
blood invasion
settle in meninges
inflammation
edema
↑ ICP
Clinical picture of meningitis
FAHM
stiff neck
floppy baby
photophobia
high pitched cry
GBS causes
neonatal meningitis
pneumonia
virulence factor of GBS
polysaccharide capsule
site of GBS
vagina
intermittent commensal of vagina
GBS
MOI of GBS
during delivery
Risk factors of GBS
prolonged labor
rupture of membranes during delivery
fever during delivery
history of GBS/GBS bacteruria at any trimester
specimen of GBS
vaginal & rectal swab @ 35-37 weeks
Gram +Ve
hippurate hydrolysis
CAMP
GBS
TTT & prevention of GBS
IV Ampicillin/Penicillin at time of delivery
virulence of pneumococci (4)
capsule
IgA protease
Pneumolysin
Autolysin
antigenic serotypes of pneumococci capsule
90
Gram +ve diplococci surrounded by unstained area
alpha hemolysis on choco agar
pnemococci
Draughtman’s colonies
pnemococci
Quelleng reaction
pneumococci
isolation of pneumococci
blood/chocolate agar