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Science > Physics || Waves P4 > Flashcards

Physics || Waves P4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is The Speed Of Sound In Air?

A

330 m/s

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2
Q

Types Of Waves In Order?

A 
Radio Waves
Micro Waves
Infra Red
Visible Light
Ultra Violet
X-Ray
Gamma Rays
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3
Q

Longitudinal Waves?

A

-Energy passes parallel to the direction of the force.

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4
Q

Transverse Waves?

A

-Energy passes at a 90 degree angle toward the direction of the waves.

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5
Q

Amplitude?

A

-Half Of The Wavelength.

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6
Q

Wavelength?

A

-Distance From One Point Of The Wave To The Same Point On Next Wave.

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7
Q

Frequency?

A
  • How Many Waves Pass Per Second,

- Measured In Hertz.

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8
Q

Time Period Of A Wave?

A

-How Long It Takes To Make A Complete Wave.

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9
Q

Crest?

A

Highest point of wave.

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10
Q

Trough?

A

Lowest point of wave.

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11
Q

Rest?

A

Middle line going through the waves.

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12
Q

Wave Speed?

A

There are two ways to calculate this:

Frequency x Wavelength,

Or

Distance / Time,

Wave Speed (m/s),
Frequency (Hz),
Wavelength (m).

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13
Q

What Wave Is Used For Medical Imaging?

A

Ultraviolet.

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14
Q

What Waves Are Used For Seeing Bones?

A

X-Ray.

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15
Q

What Waves Are Used Jn Satellite Communication?

A

Microwaves.

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16
Q

What Waves Are Used For Ionosphere?

A

Radio waves.

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17
Q

Process Of Giving Out Radiation?

A

Transmission.

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18
Q

Greenhouse Gases Change What About The Earth?

A

The balance of infrared radiation absorbed and emitted by Earth.

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19
Q

What Does The Ozone Layer Absorb?

A

Ultraviolet radiation.

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20
Q

Measuring Waves Practical?

A

Using two microphones and an oscilloscope to find wavelength of the sound waves generated,

Set up the oscilloscope do the detached waves at each microphone are shown as desperate waves,

Start with both microscopes next to the speaker and then move them away slowly until they are aligned on display,

Measure distance between the microscopes to find the WAVELENGTH,

Use formula to find the speed of the sound waves,

The frequency is found on the signal generator in the first place.

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21
Q

How Do We Measure Speed Of Water Ripples?

A

Using a strobe light,

Use a signal generator attached to a dipper of the ripple tank, this allows us to create water waves at a set frequency,

Dim the lights and turn on strobe light,

A wave pattern will be made by shadows of the wave crests on the screen under the tank,

When the frequency of the waves and strobe lights are equal, the screen will “freeze” and stop moving, the waves appear not to be moving because they are being lit in thine with their frequency’s,

The distance between each shadow line is the wavelength,

Calculate speed of waves using formula.

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22
Q

Finding Average Wavelength On A Ripple Tank?

A

Measure the distance of a lot of waves,

Measure how many waves fit into that distance,

Do the distance divided by how many waves there are.

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23
Q

How To Find Speed Of Waves In Solids?

A

Measuring frequency of sound waves produced when you hit the object,

Measure length of a metal rod,

Set up apparatus (microphone then horizontal metal rod followed by a hammer, use clamps and elastic bands to hold the rod horizontal),

Tap the rod with the hammer, this will send sound waves in the microphone,

Use the computer to find peak frequency,

Do this three times to get average peak frequency,

Calculate speed of waves using formula.

24
Q

Absorbed?

A

The wave transfers energy to the materials energy stores,

Black absorbs light,

This is how microwaves work.

25
Q

Three Things That Happen When Wave Meets Boundary?

A

Absorbed,

Transmitted,

Reflected.

26
Q

Transmitted?

A

The wave carries on travelling through the material,

This is used in communications, glasses and cameras.

27
Q

Reflected?

A

Ray is sent back, away from the material,

This is how echoes are created.

28
Q

What Happens During Refraction?

A

Waves travel at different speeds depending on different densities,

So when a wave crosses a boundary between materials, it changes speed.

29
Q

Wave Hits At An Angle?

A

This change of speed caused a change in direction,

This is called refraction.

30
Q

Wave Hits Boundary Along The Normal?

A

The wave will change speed but not be refracted.

31
Q

The Greater The Change In Speed Of The Wave?

A

The more the wave bends and changes direction.

32
Q

What Happens When The Wave Slows Down After A Boundary?

A

Moves toward the normal.

33
Q

What Happens When The Wave Speeds Up After A Boundary?

A

The wave moves away from the normal.

34
Q

Wavefront Diagrams Are?

A

Diagrams that show the waves turning after a boundary.

35
Q

The Normal Is?

A

And imaginary line,

Perpendicular (at right angles) to the point where the incoming wave hits the boundary.

36
Q

Ray Diagrams?

A

A ray diagram can show the path that a wave travels at,

It’s that diagram where you draw the angle of incidence, incoming light ray and refracted light ray.

37
Q

Angle Of Incidence?

A

Angle between the incoming ray and the normal,

Ray going in.

38
Q

Angle Of Refraction?

A

Angle between the refracted ray and the normal.

39
Q

Refraction Practical?

A

Using block of glass and ray box,

Draw around the block and where the light it going in,

You should find that the ray of light bends towards the normal ad it enters the block so angle of refutation is less than angle of incidence,

The light should also bend away from the normal as it leaves the block because the light speeds up as it leaves the less dense material,

Angle of refraction also changes for different materials.

40
Q

All Electromagnetic Waves Can Do What?

A

Refract,

We use visible light in experiment because it’s visible.

41
Q

Why Do Refraction Practical In A Dim Room?

A

So we can clearly see the ray of light,

We have to trace the middle of the light when doing the experiment, this makes it easier to see,

A ray box can be used to allow a thin strip of light, making it easier to trace the middle.

42
Q

Radio Waves Properties?

A

Transmitted through the body without being absorbed,

Radio,

Bluetooth used short wave radio waves to send data over short distances between devices,

High frequency radio waves can be used for TV and FM radio, they have very short wavelengths making them high frequency,

To get reception, you must be in direct sight of transmitter because signal doesn’t trend or travel through buildings.

43
Q

Microwaves Properties?

A

Some wavelengths of microwaves can be absorbed, causing heating of cells which can be dangerous,

Used for sate lights because they pass easily thought Earths watery atmosphere,

Used for TV.

44
Q

Long Wave Radio Waves?

A

Wavelengths of 1-10km,

Can travel halfway across world because long wavelengths bend around curved surface of earth,

Radio signals can be received even if the receiver isn’t in line of sight with the transmitter.

45
Q

Short Wave Radio Waves?

A

Wavelengths of around 10m-100m,

Received at long distances from the transmitter,

Reflected by the Earths atmosphere.

46
Q

Ultraviolet Properties?

A

Absorbed by skin,

Higher frequency so its potentially more dangerous,

Ionising Radiation,

Can cause damage to cells on surface of skin which could lead to skin cancer,

Damages your eyes and can cause eye condition or even blindness,

Used for fluorescent lamps,

Security pens,

Bank notes and passports use technique to detect forgeries,

Used to sterilise water as it kills bacteria.

47
Q

Optical Fibres?

A

Are thin, glass or plastic fibres that can carry data,

E.g. from your telephone or computers,

They carry data over long distances as pulses of infrared radiation,

Usually use a single wavelength to prevent dispersion,

Dispersion can cause some information to be lost.

48
Q

Infrared Properties?

A

Mostly reflected or absorbed by skin,

Causes some heating too,

Causes burns if the skin gets too hot,

Given out by all hot objects,

Used to send files between mobile phones and laptops,

TV remotes work with this,

Optical fibres work using this,

Use total internal reflection to send lots of data over long distance.

49
Q

Visible Light?

A

Mostly reflected or absorbed by the skin,

Causes some heating too,

Light we can actually see,

Photographic film reacts to light to form an image,

This is how traditional camera create photos,

Digital cameras contain image sensors which detect visible light and generate an electrical signal which is converted to an image (stored digitally or printed).

50
Q

X-Ray Properties?

A

Are ionising do they cause mutations and damage cells which can cause cancer,

Even higher frequencies so they transfer more energy causing even more damage,

Pas through skin and can be absorbed by deep tissue,

Can view interval structure if objects,

Affect photographic film, meaning you can take X Ray photographs,

Radiographers in hospitals take X-Ray images to help doctors,

X Rays are transmitted by flesh but absorbed by denser materials such as bones or metal,

Used in airport security scanners to find metal.

51
Q

Gamma Ray Properties?

A

Are ionising do they cause mutations and damage cells which can cause cancer,

Even higher frequencies so they transfer more energy causing even more damage,

Pas through skin and can be absorbed by deep tissue,

Use to sterilise medical instruments because they kill microbes and bacteria,

Food can be sterilised, keeping it fresher for longer whiteout having to freeze it,

Used in cancer treatment, target cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells.

52
Q

How Are Electromagnetic Waves Made?

A

Electromagnet waves are made of oscillating electric and magnetic fields,

Alternating currents are made of oscillating charges,

As charges oscillate, they produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields (I.e. electromagnetic waves).

53
Q

Frequency Of Waves Are Equal To…?

A

Frequency of waves is equal to the frequency of the alternating current.

54
Q

How Are Radio Waves Made?

A

By using an alternating current in an electrical circuit,

Radio waves are transmitted and recurved by a receiver, where they are absorbed.

55
Q

What Is A Transmitter?

A

An object that charges (electrons) oscillate from to create radio waves is called a transmitter.

56
Q

A Receiver Is?

A

Something that absorbs radio waves,

Energy carried by the waves is transferred to the electrons in the material of the receiver,

The energy causes the electrons to oscillate and if the receiver is part of a complete electric circuit, it generates an alternating current,

This current has the same frequency as the radio wave that generates it.

Science (26 decks)

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