Chemistry || Reactivity Series C10

Question 1

Oxidation?

Answer 1

Addition of oxygen.

Question 2

Reduction?

Answer 2

Removal of oxygen.

Question 3

Combustion Reactions Are?

Answer 3

They involve oxidation and are always exothermic.

Question 4

The Reactivity Series Shows?

Answer 4

How easily metals are oxidised,

Shows their reactivity,

Carbon is often included in the reactivity series as well as metals because the metals position in the series depends on the reaction with carbon.

Question 5

Why Is Hydrogen Also Included In Reactivity Series?

Answer 5

This shows the reactivity of metals with dilute acids..

Question 6

Reactivity Series In Order?

Answer 6

Most reactive to least reactive,

Also shows the lest resistant to oxidation to the most resistant to oxidation,

Potassium, 
Sodium,
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Aluminium,
Carbon,
Zinc,
Iron,
Hydrogen,
Copper,
Silver,
Gold.

Question 7

If Metal Is Below Hydrogen In Reactivity Series, It…?

Answer 7

It is less reactive than hydrogen,

This means it won’t react with a dilute acid.

Question 8

What Metals Corrode Easiest?

Answer 8

Metals at the top of the Reactivity Series,

This is because they are least resistant to oxidation,

Metals at the bottom of the series are more resistant to corrosion because they are more resistant to oxidation.

Question 9

Metals At The Top Of Series Are…?

Answer 9

Most reactive,

They easily lose their electrons to form actions (because they are metals so they’re positive),

They also oxidise easily.

Question 10

Metals At The Bottom Of The Series…?

Answer 10

Less reactive,

They don’t give up theirs electrons to form cations as easily,

They are also more resistant to oxidation then metals higher in the series.

Question 11

Practical - Predicting A Position In The Reactivity Series?

Answer 11

Reacting it with water and dilute acids,

Get metals of the same size and shape and place them into DILUTE hydraulic acid,

The more reactive the metal is, the fast the reaction will be with the acid,

Very reactive metals fizz vigorously in the acid,

Less reactive metals will just bubble a little bit,

Unreactive metals will not react with the dilute acid.

Question 12

Hydrogen In Testing For Reactivity?

Answer 12

You can test hydrogen is forming in test tubes with dilute hydraulic acid and a metal by using the squeaky pop test with a lit splint,

The louder the squeaky pop, the more reactive a metal is.

Question 13

How To Measure Hydrogen Released In Practical?

Answer 13

Use a gas syringe,
Measures the volume of gas given off at regular time intervals,

Or use a thermometer to measure by how inch the temperature changes in the acids. This works because the reaction between the dilute acid and the metal is exothermic.

Question 14

How Does Reaction With Water Predict Reactivity Of Metals?

Answer 14

Metal + Water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen,

Very reactive metals will react vigorously with water,

Less reactive metals won’t react much with cold water. However, they will react with steam.,

Copper will not react with water or steam.

Question 15

Practical - Apparatus To Find Reactivity With Less Reactive Metals?

Answer 15

Place a cotton wool soaked in boiling water into a test tube,

This wool will release steam,

Make sure to put the test tube on its side,

Place the metal half way down the test tube,

Put the lid (with a hole in for the extra tube coming out top of lid),

Place a lit splint near the hole and the steam leaving the test tube will burn and light,

This shows the hydrogen being given off by the metal.

Question 16

Oxidation In Term Of Electrons?

Answer 16

Loss of electrons.

Question 17

Reduction In Term Of Electrons?

Answer 17

Gain of electrons.

Question 18

Redox Reaction?

Answer 18

Gain and loss of electrons,

Reduction and oxidation happen simultaneously.

Question 19

Displacement Reactions?

Answer 19

Examples of redox reactions,

A more reactive element reacts to take the place of the a less reactive element in a compound.

Question 20

Metal Displacement Reactions?

Answer 20

The more reactive metal loses electrons,

The less reactive metal gains electrons.

Question 21

Metal In A Metal Salt, What Happens?

Answer 21

If you put a reactive metal into a solution of a less reactive metal salt, the reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in the salt,

E.g. put iron nail in a solution of copper sulfate. More reactive iron will “kick out” the less reactive copper in the salt. You end up with Iron Sulfate Solution and Copper Metal,

A more reactive metal into a less reactive metal salt, nothing will happen.

Question 22

How Do You Use Displacement Reactions To Predict Places In The Series?

Answer 22

Put a metal into a metal salt solution,

Record if there is a displacement,

If the metal displaces the metal salt, it is more reactive than the original metal in the salt,

If it doesn’t not displace the metal, nothing will happen and the metal will be less reactive than the metal in the salt.

Question 23

Why Do We Not Extract Silver And Gold?

Answer 23

They are found in the Earth as the metals them selfs, not as a compound,

The rest of the metals are found in ores,

These are known as unconvinced elements,

They are mined straight out the ground but are refined before they are used.

Question 24

What Is A Metal Ore?

Answer 24

A rock which contains enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting metal from it,

The ore is an oxide if the metal in many cases.

Question 25

Extracting Metals With Carbon?

Answer 25

A metal can be extracted from its ore chemically by reduction using carbon,

Some metals cannot be extracted using carbon. This is determined by the position in the reactivity series,

Metals higher than carbon in the series have to be extracted with electrolysis,

Metals lower than carbon can be extracted by reduction.

Question 26

Why Does Economy Prefer To Extract Using Carbon?

Answer 26

It’s less expensive than electrolysis.

Question 27

Why Does Carbon Extraction Not Work On All Metals?

Answer 27

Carbon can only take the oxygen away from a metal that is less reactive than itself.

Question 28

Equation Example Of Extraction With Carbon?

Answer 28

Iron Oxide + Carbon —> Iron + Carbon Dioxide,

The carbon dioxide produces is usually a mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide,

2Fe2O3 + 3C —> 4Fe + 3CO2.

Question 29

Why Are Some Metals Extracted With Electrolysis?

Answer 29

Because some metals are more reactive than carbon,

They are extracted using electrolysis if MOLTEN COMPOUNDS,

Once the metal ore is melted, an electric current is passed through us and the metal is discharged at the cathode and the non metal at the anode,

Talk about this in Electrolysis Flash Cards.

Question 30

Why Is Electrolysis More Expensive Than Carbon Extraction?

Answer 30

Because in order to run electrolysis, you need a large amount of electricity,

Electricity is expensive,

There’s also costs involved with melting or dissolving the metal ore so it can actually conduct electricity.

Question 31

Why Is Extraction Using Carbon Cheaper Than Electrolysis?

Answer 31

Carbon is cheap and also acts as a fuel to provide the heat needed for the reduction reaction to happen,

In general, metals lower down in the reaction series are cheaper to extract than those higher up in the reactivity series.

Question 32

Low Grade Ores?

Answer 32

Ores that only contain small amounts of metal,

They are not exotically worthwhile.

Question 33

Supply Of Metals?

Answer 33

The demand for metals is growing which may lead to shortages in the future,

Metals are limited,

Copper is a rich ore and is very limited.

Question 34

Bioleaching?

Answer 34

A new method of extracting metals from the ore,

This is a biological method,

Used bacteria to separate metal from ore,

Bacteria gets energy from the bonds between the atom in the ore which separates the metal from the ore in the process,

The leachate contains metal ions which can be extracted (e.g. by electrolysis or displacement) with a more reactive metal.

Question 35

Leachate?

Answer 35

A solution produced by the process,

This happens when the bacteria get energy from the bonds between the atoms in bioleaching,

It contains metal ions.

Question 36

Phytoextraction?

Answer 36

This involves growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds,

The plants can’t use or get rid of the metals so they gradually build up in the leaves,

The plants are then harvested, dried and burned in a furnace,

The ash contains metal compounds from which the metal can be extracted by electrolysis or displacement reactions.