Biology || Hormones Flashcards
Glands Name?
Endocrine Glands
Pituitary Gland?
Regulates body conditions,
In the brain,
Called the “Master Gland”,
Controls real ease of hormones from other glands in the body.
Ovaries?
Only in woman,
Produce Oestrogen.
Adrenal Glands?
Produce Adrenalin.
Tested?
Produce testosterone,
Controls puberty and sperm production in boys.
Pancreas?
Produces insulin which regulates blood glucose levels.
Thyroid Gland?
Produces thyroxine.
Neurones Features?
Fast actions,
Acts for a short period of time (picking up a pen),
Acts on a specific area (hand).
Hormone Features?
Slowest actions,
Acts for a long time (puberty),
Acts are more general.
Adrenalin?
“Fight or Flight),
Increases amount of oxygen and glucose traveling to the brain,
Heart rate increases and glucose in blood increases when this is released.
Adrenalin binds to specific receptors to control them,
For example, it binds to the liver to turn glycogen to glucose.
Negative Feedback?
How the body regulates levels,
Eg. how blood glucose levels are regulated,
Too much glucose?
Insulin is produced to break down the glucose and store it as glycogen.
To little glucose?
Glycogen is released to break down the glycogen into glucose.
Thyroxine?
This controls the rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature,
Thyroxine in blood is low?
Hypothalamus releases TRH which releases TSH which stimulates the Thyroid Gland so leaves are normal.
Thyroxine in blood is high?
The release of TRH is stopped.
Menstrual Cycle Hormones?
LH,
FSH,
Oestrogen,
Progesterone.
FSH?
Realised by Pituitary Gland,
Matures the egg (follicle),
Stimulates the release of oestrogen.
Oestrogen?
Realised by ovaries,
Causes the lining in the uterus to build up and thicken,
High levels of oestrogen stimulate the real ease of LH.
LH?
Released by Pituitary Gland,
Causes ovulation of egg.
Progesterone?
Release by the Corpus Lutetium after ovulation,
Maintains the lining of the uterus,
Inhibits the release of FSH and LH,
When progesterone levels fall, lining breaks down,
Progesterone levels are only maintained if the follicle is fertilised.
Clomifene Therapy?
This is took when a woman cannot ovulate,
Take Clomifene (FSH and LH) which stimulates the egg production,
The couple can plan sex when ovulation is happening (which they will know because they’ve took clomifene).
IVF?
Eggs are fertilised in a lab,
Grown into embryos and placed in woman,
Woman will take LH and FSH.
Oestrogen In Contraception?
Can be used to prevent the release of an egg,
This inhibits the production of FSH.
Progesterone In Contraception?
Took to thicken the cervix mucus so an egg can not break through it.
Homeostasis?
This is the control of internal conditions in the body,
This Involves:
Blood Glucose Regulations,
Osmoregulation’s (Water, Pee and Store),
Thermoregulations (Body Temperature).
Hormones That Regulate Blood Glucose Levels?
Insulin and Glucagon.
Glucose In Blood Is High, What Happens?
Insulin is released from pancreas and glucose is converted and stored as glycogen.
Glucose Levels In Blood Are Low, What Happens?
Glucagon is released from pancreas,
Glucagon breaks down glycogen into glucose.
Type 1 Diabetes?
Caused because pancreas can not produce insulin,
Treated by injecting insulin into subcutaneous tissue (fatty tissue under the skin),
People with this should regulate exercise and watch the amount of glucose they consume.
Type 2 Diabetes?
Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin OR person has become resistant to insulin,
Obese people have a higher chance of developing this.
BMI Formula?
Weight (kg)
——————
Heigh (m)2
Waist To Hip Ratio Formula?
Waist Circumference (cm) ————————————— Hip Circumference (cm)
Dangerous:
Above 1 for men,
Above 0.85 for woman.
