physics test 5 Flashcards
spectroscopy
the study of the spectra of elements glowing with incandescence
line spectrum
a discontinuous spectrum of one type generated by light passed through a thin slit in a spectroscope
absorption spectra
a series of black spectral lines indicating energy frequencies absorbed by cool gasses surrounding a hot emitter
balmer series
the visible spectral lines predicted by the balmer equation
paschen series
H IR spectrum predicted by Rydburg equation with n1=3, and n2=4,5,6,7, ect
lymon series
H UV spectrum predicted by Rydberg equation with n1=1, and n2=2,3,4,5,6, ect
Blackbody Radiation
the continuous emitted by an incandescent solid or an incandescent mixture of gasses
postulate
an idea that is put forth to describe a process, with no understanding why the idea works
Planck’s postulate
energy interacts with atoms in certain quantized amounts
planck’s constant
6.626 x 10^-34 J*s
quantum
a discrete amount of energy interacting with matter, also called “photon”
Bohr’s postulate
electrons do not lose energy in certain stable orbits called “fixed energy states”; they only lose or gain energy when moving from one level to another
Quantum mechanics
the model of atomic scale interactions with energy based fundamentally on the postulates of Planck and Bohr
Compton effect
diffraction of X-rays by a crystalline material
DeBroglie waves
waves associated with matter according to the principle of duality
principle of duality
the belief that matter and energy have dual natures
correspondence principle
quantum mechanics theory should agree with older laws for macroscopic matter
principle of complementarity
the belief that matter and energy must be described as both waves and particles
wave equation
a partial differential equation supposed to describe the wave nature of material particles
meta physical
a thing or concept believed to exist, but by nature it is unobservable
determinism
the belief that all properties of a system are knowable in principle, even if our instruments are not capable of accomplishing this in practice
quantum number
a number specifying the energy of an electron in location about a nucleus
Pauli exclusion principle
no 2 electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers
electron configuration
a model of electrons organization around the nucleus based on quantum number sequence
atomic accelerators
devices capable of accelerating ions and subatomic particles to high speeds
vom de graaf generator
an insulating belt moves electrons up to metal sphere which can discharge electrons
cyclotron
a device exploiting the fact that charges move in a spiral path when accelerated perpendicular to a B-field
anti particles and antimatter
particles and matter which supposedly annihilate ordinary matter and produce gamma rays
high-energy physics
intense collisions between particles to produce conditions similar to alleged Big Bang
force unification
attempt to explain all forces by 1 or a few general equations
condensed matter
a solid crystalline substance
crystalline solid
a solid made of a 3-d array or lattice of atoms
polycrystalline solid
a solid sample made of many smaller crystals adjacent to each other
grain boundary
a discontinuity between individual grains in a polycrystalline structure
liquid crystal
a substance which which crystalline structure in only 1 or 2 dimensions
ionic crystal
crystal made of positive and negative ions, often water-soluble
covalent crystal
crystal made of atoms bonded by electron sharing
metallic crystal
crystal and metal nuclei associated with free electrons
electron gas
the randomly moving cloud of electrons interspersed between metal atoms in the free electrons
Fermi energy
the max energy of an electron in the electron gas of the free electron model
conductivity
reciprocal of reisitivity
drift velocity
the speed at which electrons move through a conductor because of an applied electron field
band gap
energy gap existing in the crystal latice according to band theory
semi conductors
substances with a band gaps of sufficient width to conduct under some conditions and not others
impure semiconductors
a pure semiconductor with a minute amount of doping agent added
pnjunction
a sample in which a p-type and n-type semiconductor are fused
rectifier
a device such as a pnjunction diode which force current to move in 1 direction only
microchip
an integrated circuit containing many microscopic pnjunction diodes and their components
solar cells
semiconductors which, when struck by light, exhibit electron migration
inertial reference frame
a point or place which is at rest, or in uniform motion relative to other points
galilean relativity
no mechanical experiment can prove any IRF to be an absolute rest frame
mechanical experiment
an experiment involving moving physical parts
EMR experiment
a experiment or observation involving only the behavior of EMR with no moving parts
absolute rest frame
a point or place which is truly at rest
Einsteinian relativity
no experiment at all can detect an IRF
Relativity
a philosophical way of thinking about reality based on the mathematics derived from Einstein’s 2 postulates
