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dfdsfadsf > physics test 5 > Flashcards

physics test 5 Flashcards

1
Q

spectroscopy

A

the study of the spectra of elements glowing with incandescence

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2
Q

line spectrum

A

a discontinuous spectrum of one type generated by light passed through a thin slit in a spectroscope

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3
Q

absorption spectra

A

a series of black spectral lines indicating energy frequencies absorbed by cool gasses surrounding a hot emitter

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4
Q

balmer series

A

the visible spectral lines predicted by the balmer equation

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5
Q

paschen series

A

H IR spectrum predicted by Rydburg equation with n1=3, and n2=4,5,6,7, ect

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6
Q

lymon series

A

H UV spectrum predicted by Rydberg equation with n1=1, and n2=2,3,4,5,6, ect

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7
Q

Blackbody Radiation

A

the continuous emitted by an incandescent solid or an incandescent mixture of gasses

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8
Q

postulate

A

an idea that is put forth to describe a process, with no understanding why the idea works

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9
Q

Planck’s postulate

A

energy interacts with atoms in certain quantized amounts

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10
Q

planck’s constant

A

6.626 x 10^-34 J*s

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11
Q

quantum

A

a discrete amount of energy interacting with matter, also called “photon”

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12
Q

Bohr’s postulate

A

electrons do not lose energy in certain stable orbits called “fixed energy states”; they only lose or gain energy when moving from one level to another

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13
Q

Quantum mechanics

A

the model of atomic scale interactions with energy based fundamentally on the postulates of Planck and Bohr

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14
Q

Compton effect

A

diffraction of X-rays by a crystalline material

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15
Q

DeBroglie waves

A

waves associated with matter according to the principle of duality

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16
Q

principle of duality

A

the belief that matter and energy have dual natures

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17
Q

correspondence principle

A

quantum mechanics theory should agree with older laws for macroscopic matter

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18
Q

principle of complementarity

A

the belief that matter and energy must be described as both waves and particles

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19
Q

wave equation

A

a partial differential equation supposed to describe the wave nature of material particles

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20
Q

meta physical

A

a thing or concept believed to exist, but by nature it is unobservable

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21
Q

determinism

A

the belief that all properties of a system are knowable in principle, even if our instruments are not capable of accomplishing this in practice

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22
Q

quantum number

A

a number specifying the energy of an electron in location about a nucleus

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23
Q

Pauli exclusion principle

A

no 2 electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers

24
Q

electron configuration

A

a model of electrons organization around the nucleus based on quantum number sequence

25
Q

atomic accelerators

A

devices capable of accelerating ions and subatomic particles to high speeds

26
Q

vom de graaf generator

A

an insulating belt moves electrons up to metal sphere which can discharge electrons

27
Q

cyclotron

A

a device exploiting the fact that charges move in a spiral path when accelerated perpendicular to a B-field

28
Q

anti particles and antimatter

A

particles and matter which supposedly annihilate ordinary matter and produce gamma rays

29
Q

high-energy physics

A

intense collisions between particles to produce conditions similar to alleged Big Bang

30
Q

force unification

A

attempt to explain all forces by 1 or a few general equations

31
Q

condensed matter

A

a solid crystalline substance

32
Q

crystalline solid

A

a solid made of a 3-d array or lattice of atoms

33
Q

polycrystalline solid

A

a solid sample made of many smaller crystals adjacent to each other

34
Q

grain boundary

A

a discontinuity between individual grains in a polycrystalline structure

35
Q

liquid crystal

A

a substance which which crystalline structure in only 1 or 2 dimensions

36
Q

ionic crystal

A

crystal made of positive and negative ions, often water-soluble

37
Q

covalent crystal

A

crystal made of atoms bonded by electron sharing

38
Q

metallic crystal

A

crystal and metal nuclei associated with free electrons

39
Q

electron gas

A

the randomly moving cloud of electrons interspersed between metal atoms in the free electrons

40
Q

Fermi energy

A

the max energy of an electron in the electron gas of the free electron model

41
Q

conductivity

A

reciprocal of reisitivity

42
Q

drift velocity

A

the speed at which electrons move through a conductor because of an applied electron field

43
Q

band gap

A

energy gap existing in the crystal latice according to band theory

44
Q

semi conductors

A

substances with a band gaps of sufficient width to conduct under some conditions and not others

45
Q

impure semiconductors

A

a pure semiconductor with a minute amount of doping agent added

46
Q

pnjunction

A

a sample in which a p-type and n-type semiconductor are fused

47
Q

rectifier

A

a device such as a pnjunction diode which force current to move in 1 direction only

48
Q

microchip

A

an integrated circuit containing many microscopic pnjunction diodes and their components

49
Q

solar cells

A

semiconductors which, when struck by light, exhibit electron migration

50
Q

inertial reference frame

A

a point or place which is at rest, or in uniform motion relative to other points

51
Q

galilean relativity

A

no mechanical experiment can prove any IRF to be an absolute rest frame

52
Q

mechanical experiment

A

an experiment involving moving physical parts

53
Q

EMR experiment

A

a experiment or observation involving only the behavior of EMR with no moving parts

54
Q

absolute rest frame

A

a point or place which is truly at rest

55
Q

Einsteinian relativity

A

no experiment at all can detect an IRF

56
Q

Relativity

A

a philosophical way of thinking about reality based on the mathematics derived from Einstein’s 2 postulates

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