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dfdsfadsf > physics test 4 > Flashcards

physics test 4 Flashcards

1
Q

huygans’ principle

A

wave energy travels in waves of constant wavelength

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2
Q

longitudinal

A

wave action occurs in direction of wave propagation

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3
Q

transverse

A

wave action occurs perpendicular to direction of wave propogation

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4
Q

wave interference

A

a phenomenon occurring when 2 waves intersect, producing either a stronger wave or a weaker wave

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5
Q

constructive interference

A

interference of waves which produces a wave of higher energy

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6
Q

destructive interference

A

interference of waves which produces waves of lesser energy

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7
Q

diffraction

A

spreading of light passing through a thin slit or around a sharp edge

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8
Q

diffraction grating

A

a surface with multiple parallel slits or ridges which by interference separates white light into its colors

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9
Q

resolution

A

the ability of an optical instrument to distinguish different objects

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10
Q

dispersion

A

the separation of white light into its colors, as by a prism

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11
Q

spectroscope

A

a device for viewing the spectrum of light produced by dispersion in a prism of diffraction grating.

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12
Q

polarization

A

treating light so as to make all of its EM waves vibrate in 1 plane

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13
Q

scattering

A

spreading of a ray of light as it passes through materials

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14
Q

acoustic energy

A

the acoustic power passing through a unit area

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15
Q

reference intensity

A

the lowest acoustic energy audible to a person with good heating; set at 10^-12

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16
Q

decibel level

A

a logarithmic ratio of acoustic intensity and reference intensity

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17
Q

doppler effect

A

change in frequency caused by relative motion between a source of sound and a listender

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18
Q

unit cell

A

smallest building block of a crystal with the characteristic crystalline shape; now known to consist of a few atoms

19
Q

electrolysis

A

decomposing a chemical by passing electricity through it

20
Q

note- avogadro’s number of particles is 6.022 x 10^23

A

,

21
Q

faraday’s constant

A

1 mole of electrons is 96,485 C

22
Q

cathode rays

A

streams of electrons emanating from a hot filament inside a vacuum tube

23
Q

subatomic particle

A

a particle making up the atom

24
Q

radioactivity

A

particles given off by unstable atoms

25
Q

alpha particle

A

actually a nucleus of He with

26
Q

Beta particle

A

actually electrons

27
Q

r rays

A

very high frequency EMR

28
Q

activity

A

the number of radioactive disintegrations per second

29
Q

somatic tissue

A

body cells other than germ tissue

30
Q

germ tissue

A

reproductive cells

31
Q

background radiation

A

radioactive emissions from natural sources uncontrolled by man

32
Q

isotopes

A

atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

33
Q

nucleon

A

particles in the nucleus which is stable; proton or neutron

34
Q

nuclear force

A

force in the nucleus holding nucleons together

; also called binding force

35
Q

binding energy

A

the energy involved in the binding force

36
Q

nuclear reaction

A

a reaction involving a nuclear transformation

37
Q

decay series

A

a natural process by which unstable nuclei decay to stable ones through a sequence of steps

38
Q

induced transmutation

A

artificial production of a new atoms by bombarding a starter atom

39
Q

nuclide

A

any isotope of any element

40
Q

radionuclide

A

a radioactive nuclide

41
Q

fission

A

the split of a larger nucleus into smaller fragments

42
Q

controlled chain reaction

A

a chain reaction whose rate is kept below explosive levels

43
Q

fusion

A

the combining of 2 or more smaller nuclei into a larger nucleus

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