ochem 2 test 4

Question 1

carbohydrate

Answer 1

an organic compound containing only H & O atoms in the ratio of 2 H to 1 O

Question 1

monosaccharides

Answer 1

carbs that cant be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds; also called simple sugars

Question 1

oligosaccharides

Answer 1

carbs containing only a few (2-10) linked monosaccharides

Question 1

disaccharides

Answer 1

carbs containing 2 linked monosaccharides

Question 1

polysaccharides

Answer 1

carbs containing many linked monosaccharides

Question 1

aldose

Answer 1

monosaccharides containing an aldehyde function in its non-cyclic forn

Question 1

ketose

Answer 1

a monosaccharide containing a ketone function in its non-cyclic form

Question 1

triose

Answer 1

a monosaccharide containg 3 C’s, can be either aldose or ketose

Question 1

tetrose, pentose, hexose

Answer 1

monosaccharide with 4, 5, 6 C’s respecitively

Question 1

Fischer projection

Answer 1

2-D structural projection of a molecule giving information about its stereochemistry

Question 2

aldotetrose

Answer 2

an aldose with 4 C’s

Question 2

ketodetrose

Answer 2

a ketose 4 C’s

Question 2

aldopentose, aldohexose

Answer 2

and aldose with 5 or 6 C’s

Question 3

ketopentose, ketohexose

Answer 3

a ketose with

Question 3

Fischer nomenclature

Answer 3

designation of a compound as D or L depending on whether the s.c. farthest from the carbonyl carbon has OH on the right (D) or on the left (L) in the F.P.

Question 4

Tollen’s regents

Answer 4

Ag+ compexed with NH3 in “tollen’s test”- makes silver mirror

Question 5

Fehling reagent

Answer 5

Cu 2+ complexed with tartrate ion in Fehling’s test- turns red

Question 6

Benedicts reagent

Answer 6

Cu 2+ complexed with citrate ion in Benedicts test- turns red

Question 7

reducing sugars

Answer 7

monosaccharides which reduce the active metal ion in tollens Fehlings, or benedicts reagents

Question 8

polyols

Answer 8

polyhydroxyalcohols

Question 9

alditols

Answer 9

polyols derived from reduction of aldoses

Question 10

hemiacetal

Answer 10

a compound containing an alcohol and an ether function bonded to the same carbon

Question 11

acetal

Answer 11

a compound containing 2 ether functions

Question 12

furanose ring structure

Answer 12

the 5 member ring with 1 O as ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation

Question 13

anomers

Answer 13

the 2 diastereomeric configurations of an anomeric C

Question 14

alpha configuration

Answer 14

in the HP, OH is down below the rings plane at the anomeric C

Question 15

Beta configuration

Answer 15

in the HP, OH is up above the ring plane at the anomeric C

Question 16

anomeric

Answer 16

the 2 diastereomeric configurations of an anomeric C

Question 17

cyclic hemiacetal ring structure

Answer 17

a heterocyclic ring containing O as a ring member and a hydroxyl group on C-1 adjacent to the O atom

Question 17

invert sugar

Answer 17

an equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose made by hydrolyzing sucrose

Question 18

haworth projection

Answer 18

a planar projection representing the stereochemistry of monosaccharides occurring alone, or as monomer units

Question 19

anomeric carbon

Answer 19

the achiral carbonyl C of acyclic monosaccharides which becomes a new s.c. in the cyclic form

Question 20

starch

Answer 20

a polysaccharide of glucose units joined mainly by 1,4 a glycosidic bonds, with branches attached via 1,6 a glycosidic bonds

Question 21

amylose

Answer 21

an oligosaccharide formed in partial hydrolysis of starch consisting of glucose units linked in 1,4 - a- glycoside bonds

Question 22

amylopectin

Answer 22

an oligosaccharide formed in partial hydrolysis of starch with 1,4 -a-glycosidic chains cpnnected at branch points by 1,6 -a linkages

Question 23

glycogen

Answer 23

similar to starch with 1,4-a- and 1,6 a linked glucose units, with branching glucose units

Question 24

cellulose

Answer 24

an unbranched polymer of glucose units joined by 1-4 -B- glycosidic bonds

Question 25

pyranose ring structure

Answer 25

the 6 member ring with 1 O as a ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation

Question 26

chitin

Answer 26

polymer of acetylamino-D-glucose units linked by 1,4 -B- glycosidic bonds

Question 27

pectin

Answer 27

polymer of D-galacturonic acid linked w/ 1,4 -a- glycoside bonds