ochem 2 test 4 Flashcards
carbohydrate
an organic compound containing only H & O atoms in the ratio of 2 H to 1 O
monosaccharides
carbs that cant be hydrolyzed to simpler compounds; also called simple sugars
oligosaccharides
carbs containing only a few (2-10) linked monosaccharides
disaccharides
carbs containing 2 linked monosaccharides
polysaccharides
carbs containing many linked monosaccharides
aldose
monosaccharides containing an aldehyde function in its non-cyclic forn
ketose
a monosaccharide containing a ketone function in its non-cyclic form
triose
a monosaccharide containg 3 C’s, can be either aldose or ketose
tetrose, pentose, hexose
monosaccharide with 4, 5, 6 C’s respecitively
Fischer projection
2-D structural projection of a molecule giving information about its stereochemistry
aldotetrose
an aldose with 4 C’s
ketodetrose
a ketose 4 C’s
aldopentose, aldohexose
and aldose with 5 or 6 C’s
ketopentose, ketohexose
a ketose with
Fischer nomenclature
designation of a compound as D or L depending on whether the s.c. farthest from the carbonyl carbon has OH on the right (D) or on the left (L) in the F.P.
Tollen’s regents
Ag+ compexed with NH3 in “tollen’s test”- makes silver mirror
Fehling reagent
Cu 2+ complexed with tartrate ion in Fehling’s test- turns red
Benedicts reagent
Cu 2+ complexed with citrate ion in Benedicts test- turns red
reducing sugars
monosaccharides which reduce the active metal ion in tollens Fehlings, or benedicts reagents
polyols
polyhydroxyalcohols
alditols
polyols derived from reduction of aldoses
hemiacetal
a compound containing an alcohol and an ether function bonded to the same carbon
acetal
a compound containing 2 ether functions
furanose ring structure
the 5 member ring with 1 O as ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation
anomers
the 2 diastereomeric configurations of an anomeric C
alpha configuration
in the HP, OH is down below the rings plane at the anomeric C
Beta configuration
in the HP, OH is up above the ring plane at the anomeric C
anomeric
the 2 diastereomeric configurations of an anomeric C
cyclic hemiacetal ring structure
a heterocyclic ring containing O as a ring member and a hydroxyl group on C-1 adjacent to the O atom
invert sugar
an equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose made by hydrolyzing sucrose
haworth projection
a planar projection representing the stereochemistry of monosaccharides occurring alone, or as monomer units
anomeric carbon
the achiral carbonyl C of acyclic monosaccharides which becomes a new s.c. in the cyclic form
starch
a polysaccharide of glucose units joined mainly by 1,4 a glycosidic bonds, with branches attached via 1,6 a glycosidic bonds
amylose
an oligosaccharide formed in partial hydrolysis of starch consisting of glucose units linked in 1,4 - a- glycoside bonds
amylopectin
an oligosaccharide formed in partial hydrolysis of starch with 1,4 -a-glycosidic chains cpnnected at branch points by 1,6 -a linkages
glycogen
similar to starch with 1,4-a- and 1,6 a linked glucose units, with branching glucose units
cellulose
an unbranched polymer of glucose units joined by 1-4 -B- glycosidic bonds
pyranose ring structure
the 6 member ring with 1 O as a ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation
chitin
polymer of acetylamino-D-glucose units linked by 1,4 -B- glycosidic bonds
pectin
polymer of D-galacturonic acid linked w/ 1,4 -a- glycoside bonds
