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dfdsfadsf > physics final > Flashcards

physics final Flashcards

1
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

describes the force between 2 electric charges

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2
Q

voltage

A

the work done per unit charge in moving a charge through an electric field

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3
Q

dielectric

A

an insulator placed between the 2 plates of a parallel plate capacitor

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4
Q

resistance

A

resistance of a conductor with unit length and unit cross-section

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5
Q

inductor

A

a device made to store a significant amount of magnetic energy

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6
Q

internal resistance

A

resistance of the substances inside a cell

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7
Q

right hand rule with wire

A

a method of determining the direction of the B-field around a current carrying wire

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8
Q

right hand rule for moving charges

A

arrange thumb and 1st 2 fingers perpendicular to each other

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9
Q

magnetic flux

A

the intensity of a magnetic field penetrating a certain area

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10
Q

Faraday’s law

A

the emf induced in a loop of wire is proportional to the rate of change of mag flux through the coil

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11
Q

induction

A

the process of making emf in a conductor by relative motion between it and a B-field

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12
Q

back emf

A

a Lenz’ law-type secondary emf produced in generator windings which opposes the original B-field

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13
Q

transformer

A

devices that alter the voltage and current of E-energy

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14
Q

step up transformer

A

a transformer designed to increase output voltage

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15
Q

step down transformer

A

a transformer designed to decrease output voltage

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16
Q

EM radiation

A

waves of E and B fields energy produced by oscillating charges

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17
Q

RC circuits

A

a series circuit containing capacitor and resistance

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18
Q

RL circuits

A

a series circuit containing an inductor and resistance

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19
Q

time constant

A

time required for function to change to 1/e of its asymptote value

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20
Q

rms current and voltage

A

root mean square

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21
Q

capacitive reactance

A

tendency of a capacitor to obstruct AC

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22
Q

inductive reactance

A

tendency of inductor to obstruct AC

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23
Q

impedence

A

the tendancy of an RLC circuit to obstruct AC

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24
Q

Total internal reflection

A

the reflection of all incident rays, in a dense medium, back into the medium

25
Q

critical angel

A

angle of incidence causing a 90 degree angel of refraction for a ray passing out of a high-density medium into one of lower density

26
Q

focal point

A

the point in space at which a converging lens focuses light rays

27
Q

thin lens

A

a lens whose thickness is small in comparison to its focal length

28
Q

aperture

A

an opening, as in a camera

29
Q

Fresnel lenses

A

lenses with concentric rings having the surface contour of the equivalent ring of a thick lens

30
Q

laser

A

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

31
Q

Wien’s law

A

predicts the peak wavelength emitted by an incandescent source based on its absolute temp

32
Q

huygen’s principle

A

wave energy travels in waves of constant wavelength

33
Q

Raleigh criterion

A

defines the ability of optical equipment to resolve distinct objects in terms of the light wavelength and diameter of objective lens/mirror

34
Q

resolution

A

the ability of of an optical instrument to distinguish different objects

35
Q

acoustic intensity

A

the acoustic power passing through a unit area

36
Q

decibel level

A

a logarithmic ratio of acoustic intensity and reference intensity

37
Q

Faraday’s constant

A

1 mole of electrons is 96,485 C/mol

38
Q

subatomic particle

A

a particle making up the atom

39
Q

becquerel

A

1 disintegration per sec

40
Q

nucleon

A

particle in the nucleus which is stable

41
Q

binding energy

A

force in the nucleus holding nucleons together

42
Q

nuclide

A

any isotope of any element

43
Q

Planck’s postulate

A

energy interacts with atoms in certain quantized amounts

44
Q

balmer series

A

visible spectral lines produced by the balmer equation

45
Q

deBroglie waves

A

waves associated with matter according to the principle of duality

46
Q

uncertainty principle

A

the belief that it is impossible to completely describe all properties of a particle

47
Q

quantum number

A

a number specifying the energy of an electron in location about nucleus

48
Q

grain boundary

A

a discontinuity between individual grains in a polycrystalline structure

49
Q

microchip

A

an integrated circuit containing many microscopic pnjuction diodes and their components

50
Q

Galilean relativity

A

no mechanical experiment can prove any IRF to be an absolute reference frame

51
Q

Einsteinian relativity

A

no experiment at all can detect an ARF

52
Q

electrodynamic phenomenon

A

phenomena acting on change in motion because of their charge

53
Q

inertial mass

A

the true mass of a moving charge, after electrodynamic correction, constant with speed

54
Q

rest mass

A

same value as inertial mass, but in RT assumed to grow as speed increases

55
Q

Galilean velocity addition

A

computing the velocity of a moving object by adding to its velocity the velocity if its source

56
Q

Lorentz-fitzgerald correction factor

A

usual name given to the quantity by1-(v2/cl)

57
Q

special relativity

A

RT based on Einstein’s postulates, which leads to time dilation, mass increase, and length contraction for macroscopic neutral objects

58
Q

general relativity

A

developed to explain gravity, assumes space is curved and time is a 4th dimension

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