ochem 2 final

Question 1

addition polymers

Answer 1

polymers made by linking monomer units 1 at a time via an addition reaction with no loss of any by product molecule

Question 2

initiation step

Answer 2

the reaction producing a free radical species to trigger the propagation step

Question 3

initiator

Answer 3

the free radical precursor added to an unsaturated monomer to begin FRCGP

Question 4

thiol

Answer 4

a compound analogous to an alcohol, but with S in place of O

Question 5

chain transfer

Answer 5

a process initiating growth of another chain somewhere along the length of an existing chain, not at its end

Question 6

plasticizer

Answer 6

an oily compound physically mixed with a polymer to make a soft pliable plastic sheet

Question 7

rubber

Answer 7

a polymer with regularly repeating C-C double bonds

Question 8

HDPE

Answer 8

high density polyethylene

Question 9

gutta-percha

Answer 9

an isoprene polymer of monomer units in the E conformation

Question 10

greek letter system

Answer 10

method of designating C’s in the main chain of substituted organic acid

Question 11

acyl group

Answer 11

the structure remaining when a hydroxyl group is removed from an organic acid

Question 12

nitrile

Answer 12

an organic cyanide

Question 13

fischer esterification

Answer 13

an esterification involving the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol to make an ester

Question 14

polyamide

Answer 14

a polymer containing multiple amide fuctions

Question 15

monoglyceride

Answer 15

a triglyceride derivative in which 1 ester functions remains, 2 C’s of the glycerol backbone having acquired an OH group

Question 16

oils

Answer 16

triglycerides which are liquid at room temperature

Question 17

simple esters

Answer 17

molecules containing only 1 ester function and composed of a mono-hydroxy alcohol

Question 18

soap

Answer 18

a sodium carboxylate salt of a f.a.

Question 19

hydrogenolysis

Answer 19

a catalyzed forcing of H2 into a triglyceride molecule to break it up into a glycerol molecule and 3 alcohol molecules derived from the f.a. portion of the triglyceride.

Question 20

ozonolysis

Answer 20

break up of a molecule into 2 modified parts using ozone as the reagent.

Question 21

freidel-crafts reaction

Answer 21

acylation of an aromatic compound

Question 22

enols

Answer 22

compounds with a C-C double bond and an alcohol function

Question 23

aldol

Answer 23

a molecule containing both a hydroxy group and an aldehyde function

Question 24

fischer projection

Answer 24

a 2-d structural projection of a molecule giving information about its stereochemistry

Question 25

fischer nomenclature

Answer 25

designation of a compound as D or L depending on whether the s.c. farthest from the carbonyl carbon has OH on the right or on the left.

Question 26

alditols

Answer 26

polyols derived from reduction of aldoses

Question 27

hemiacetal

Answer 27

a compound containing an alcohol and an ether function bonded to the same carbon

Question 28

furanose ring structure

Answer 28

a 5 member ring with 1 O as ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation

Question 29

haworth projection

Answer 29

a planar projection representing the stereochemistry of monosaccharides occuring alone, or as monomer units.

Question 30

anomeric carbon

Answer 30

the achiral carbonyl C of acyclic monosaccharides which becomes a new s.c. in the cyclic form

Question 31

glycosidic bond

Answer 31

in the cyclic acetal form of a monosaccharide, the bond between the anomeric C and oxygen atom not in the ring

Question 32

disaccharide

Answer 32

a dimer of 2 monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond formed between the anomeric C of 1 monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group on the other monsaccharide

Question 33

non-reducing sugar

Answer 33

a carb producing no reaction with Tollen’s, Benedicts, or Fehlings solutions

Question 34

chitin

Answer 34

polymer of acetylamino-D-glucose units linked by 1,4 B- glycoside bonds

Question 35

primary amine

Answer 35

ammonia with 1 H replaced by an R group

Question 36

tertiary amine

Answer 36

ammonia with all 3 H’s

Question 37

alkylation

Answer 37

substituting an alkyl group into the structure of a molecule

Question 38

aryldiazonium ion

Answer 38

Ar- N2+

Question 39

diazonio group

Answer 39

N2+ on a aromatic ring

Question 40

azo group

Answer 40

the N-N entity linking the 2 reactants in diazo coupling

Question 41

alpha amino acids

Answer 41

a.a. with the amine function on the alpha carbon

Question 42

essential amino acids

Answer 42

amino acids which the human body cant synthesize

Question 43

zwitterion

Answer 43

a molecular structure containing both a positive and a negative ion

Question 44

picolenes

Answer 44

monomethyl pyridines

Question 45

indoles

Answer 45

fused ring systems containing a benzene fused with a pyrrole ring

Question 46

lactone

Answer 46

a cyclic ester

Question 47

nucleoside

Answer 47

portion of a nucleotide consisting of the monosaccharide and the heterocyclic base

Question 48

N-glycoside

Answer 48

a molecule made of a monosaccharide and a nitrogen containing compound, bonded between the anomeric C of the monosaccharide and an N-atom of the nitrogen compd

Question 49

monophosphate ester

Answer 49

anolog of an ordinary ester with a phosphorus atom instead of a C-atom in the ester function.