ochem 2 final Flashcards
addition polymers
polymers made by linking monomer units 1 at a time via an addition reaction with no loss of any by product molecule
initiation step
the reaction producing a free radical species to trigger the propagation step
initiator
the free radical precursor added to an unsaturated monomer to begin FRCGP
thiol
a compound analogous to an alcohol, but with S in place of O
chain transfer
a process initiating growth of another chain somewhere along the length of an existing chain, not at its end
plasticizer
an oily compound physically mixed with a polymer to make a soft pliable plastic sheet
rubber
a polymer with regularly repeating C-C double bonds
HDPE
high density polyethylene
gutta-percha
an isoprene polymer of monomer units in the E conformation
greek letter system
method of designating C’s in the main chain of substituted organic acid
acyl group
the structure remaining when a hydroxyl group is removed from an organic acid
nitrile
an organic cyanide
fischer esterification
an esterification involving the reaction of an organic acid and an alcohol to make an ester
polyamide
a polymer containing multiple amide fuctions
monoglyceride
a triglyceride derivative in which 1 ester functions remains, 2 C’s of the glycerol backbone having acquired an OH group
oils
triglycerides which are liquid at room temperature
simple esters
molecules containing only 1 ester function and composed of a mono-hydroxy alcohol
soap
a sodium carboxylate salt of a f.a.
hydrogenolysis
a catalyzed forcing of H2 into a triglyceride molecule to break it up into a glycerol molecule and 3 alcohol molecules derived from the f.a. portion of the triglyceride.
ozonolysis
break up of a molecule into 2 modified parts using ozone as the reagent.
freidel-crafts reaction
acylation of an aromatic compound
enols
compounds with a C-C double bond and an alcohol function
aldol
a molecule containing both a hydroxy group and an aldehyde function
fischer projection
a 2-d structural projection of a molecule giving information about its stereochemistry
fischer nomenclature
designation of a compound as D or L depending on whether the s.c. farthest from the carbonyl carbon has OH on the right or on the left.
alditols
polyols derived from reduction of aldoses
hemiacetal
a compound containing an alcohol and an ether function bonded to the same carbon
furanose ring structure
a 5 member ring with 1 O as ring member formed in cyclic hemiacetal formation
haworth projection
a planar projection representing the stereochemistry of monosaccharides occuring alone, or as monomer units.
anomeric carbon
the achiral carbonyl C of acyclic monosaccharides which becomes a new s.c. in the cyclic form
glycosidic bond
in the cyclic acetal form of a monosaccharide, the bond between the anomeric C and oxygen atom not in the ring
disaccharide
a dimer of 2 monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond formed between the anomeric C of 1 monosaccharide and a hydroxyl group on the other monsaccharide
non-reducing sugar
a carb producing no reaction with Tollen’s, Benedicts, or Fehlings solutions
chitin
polymer of acetylamino-D-glucose units linked by 1,4 B- glycoside bonds
primary amine
ammonia with 1 H replaced by an R group
tertiary amine
ammonia with all 3 H’s
alkylation
substituting an alkyl group into the structure of a molecule
aryldiazonium ion
Ar- N2+
diazonio group
N2+ on a aromatic ring
azo group
the N-N entity linking the 2 reactants in diazo coupling
alpha amino acids
a.a. with the amine function on the alpha carbon
essential amino acids
amino acids which the human body cant synthesize
zwitterion
a molecular structure containing both a positive and a negative ion
picolenes
monomethyl pyridines
indoles
fused ring systems containing a benzene fused with a pyrrole ring
lactone
a cyclic ester
nucleoside
portion of a nucleotide consisting of the monosaccharide and the heterocyclic base
N-glycoside
a molecule made of a monosaccharide and a nitrogen containing compound, bonded between the anomeric C of the monosaccharide and an N-atom of the nitrogen compd
monophosphate ester
anolog of an ordinary ester with a phosphorus atom instead of a C-atom in the ester function.
