Physics Ch 11 Rad Biology Flashcards

1
Q

what is linear energy transfer (LET)?

A

avg amt energy deposited per unit path length

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2
Q

which synd is most sensitive to xrays?

A

ataxia telangiectasia

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3
Q

cells are most sensitive during cell cycle phase –> order the parts of the cell cycle phase from most to least sensitive

A

M > G2 > G1 > S

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4
Q

which part of GI tract is most radiosensitive?

A

small bowel

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5
Q

acute radiation synd (ARS) –> what sx is a marker of severity/poor prognosis?

A

early vomiting

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6
Q

what is LD 50/30? what is the typical LD 50/30 dose?

A

3-4Gy w/o tx –> kill 50% of ppl w/in 30 days

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7
Q

rad effect on fetus –> most vulnerable time?

A

8-15wk

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8
Q

fetus –> 8-15wk –> rad dose of 100-200 mGy –> assoc comp?

A

mental retard

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9
Q

occupational worker –> exposure limit –> lens?

A

150 mSv/yr

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10
Q

occupational worker –> exposure limit –> radiation worker?

A

50 mSv/yr

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11
Q

occupational worker –> exposure limit –> extremity?

A

500 mSv/yr

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12
Q

public –> exposure limit –> eff dose from background rad in USA?

A

3 mSv/yr

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13
Q

public –> exposure limit –> preg?

A

0.5 mSv/mo

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14
Q

MRI –> specific absorption ratio (RF power absorbed per unit mass) –> limit for whole body?

A

4 W/kg for whole body for 15min

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15
Q

bone marrow synd –> estimated threshold?

A

2Gy

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16
Q

GI synd –> estimated threshold?

A

8 Gy

17
Q

CNS synd –> estimated threshold?

A

20Gy

18
Q

general public –> risk of radiation-induced cancer (%/Sv)?

A

4-5% / Sv

19
Q

male –> temporary sterility –> estimated threshold?

A

0.15-2.5 Gy

20
Q

male –> permanent sterility –> estimated threshold?

A

5 Gy

21
Q

female –> sterility –> estimated threshold?

A

6 Gy (2-10 Gy)

22
Q

depress circulating lymphocytes –> estimated threshold?

A

0.25 Gy

23
Q

USA pop –> #1 contributor to effective dose?

A

55% –> radon

24
Q

permanent sterility –> M vs F?

A

6 Gy (M) vs 3 Gy (F)

25
Q

Dose?

  • LD50/60 (BM)
  • LD50/4 (GI)
  • LD for CNS
A
  • LD50/60 (BM): 5Gy
  • LD50/4 (GI): 10
  • LD for CNS: 20
26
Q

Xray generation –> leakage radiation –> should NOT exceed what dose at 1m from source?

A

1.0mGy/hr at 1m from source

27
Q

Diagnostic radiography unit operated at >70kVp –> must contain total filtration of how much Aluminum equivalent?

A

2.5mm

28
Q

USA –> avg person –> avg total effective dose annual?

A

6mSv

29
Q

Which tissue weighting factor is lowest? Lung, red BM, skin, breast, stomach?

A

Skin

30
Q

Gamma rays can be shielded using what materials? (2)

A

lead or concrete

31
Q

BEIR report VII –> gen pop –> radiation-induced CA –> avg risk of mortality?

A

5% per Sv

32
Q

fetal dosimetry –> dose?

  • no risk of birth defect/intell disability/fetal death
  • “gray zone” –> risk is uncertain but likely clinically too low to detect
  • inc risk
A
  • <50 mGy
  • 50-100
  • > 100
33
Q

fetal dosimetry –> inc risk of what in each gestational age?

  • preimplantation (1-2wk)
  • organogenesis (3-8wk)
  • 9-15wk
A
  • fetal death
  • birth defect
  • growth/intell disability
34
Q

fetal dosimetry –> risk of childhood cancer –> 2x inc –> at what rad dose?

A

25mGy